Abstract

Background: The main issue in the operation of water distribution systems arises from the pressure deficiency resulting from events such as loss from leaks and bursts and loss of hydraulic capacity due to deterioration of aging water pipes. Such conditions affect the hydraulic performance of the system and the quality of water. Objective This paper investigates the hydraulic and water quality behavior of a selected water distribution network in Makkah city using the EPANET software. Methodology: The system was simulated under different hydraulic conditions including a loss of hydraulic capacity with pipe age and the presence of 30% leakage in the network over varying time conditions by employing extended period simulation models. Results and Conclusion: The results show that increasing pipe roughness with pipe age resulted in significantly low-pressure heads at the end of the network-particularly during peak demand hours. It also resulted in an increase in the rate of chlorine decay. Leakage in the network significantly affects the pressure head, resulting in pressure deficiency at some points in the network to below the minimum requirement during regular operation. The highest leakage rate occurs at periods of low demand where the pressure head in the network is high.

Highlights

  • Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) provide adequate water requirements for various usages, including domestic, commercial, and industrial purposes

  • The results show that increasing pipe roughness with pipe age resulted in significantly low-pressure heads at the end of the network- during peak demand hours

  • After validation of the network, the hydraulic performance was evaluated under different hydraulic conditions, including a loss of hydraulic capacity with pipe age and the presence of 30% leakage in the network over varying time conditions by employing extended period simulation models

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Summary

Introduction

Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) provide adequate water requirements for various usages, including domestic, commercial, and industrial purposes. They must meet demands at each node at all times and at a sufficient pressure head. The main challenge currently in the operation of WDNs comes from pressure deficiencies resulting from events such as loss from leaks and bursts, as well as loss of hydraulic capacity because of deterioration of aging water pipes These conditions affect the hydraulic performance of the system and water quality. The main issue in the operation of water distribution systems arises from the pressure deficiency resulting from events such as loss from leaks and bursts and loss of hydraulic capacity due to deterioration of aging water pipes Such conditions affect the hydraulic performance of the system and the quality of water

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