Abstract
This chapter discusses pervaporation and its applications. Pervaporation offers a means of separating miscible liquids of similar molar mass, and is an alternative method to distillation. Permeation rates and selectivites achieved in pervaporation with a grafted membrane are presented in the chapter. The main applications of pervaporation include dehydration of organic solvents and mixtures and removal of organics from aqueous streams. A list of organics, dehydrated by pervaporation is presented. Pervaporation is generally economic with water contents of approximately 10% and less, with final product water content of hundreds of ppm to 10 ppm attainable. A large number of separations amenable to pervaporation that can be classified as either mixtures with water or non-aqueous mixtures are discussed. Pervaporation is used to overcome the difficult stage of a separation—that is, to overcome azeotrope limitations in distillations. The chapter also presents a table showing the installation of pervaporation plants.
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