Abstract
This chapter deals with the preparation and characterization of membrane materials. It summarizes materials of some synthetic membranes. These materials can be classified into three types: synthetic polymers, modified natural products, and miscellaneous. To be effective for separation membrane materials should ideally be chemical resistant, mechanically stable, thermally stable, have high permeability, have high selectivity, and generally be stable in operation. The chapter describes two types of structures that are generally found in membranes: symmetric and asymmetric. The characterization of a membrane is important to enable a suitable material to be selected for a particular application. Characterization is a means of relating structural and morphological properties to a class of membrane for a particular application. The chapter categorizes characterization methods into two broad areas: for porous media and for non-porous media. Characterization methods for porous membranes can be divided into two areas: structure related parameters and permeation related parameters. The principal method for characterizing a non-porous membrane is to determine its permeability towards particular liquids, solutes, and gases.
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