Abstract
ABSTRACT The apoptotic potential of Ficus religiosa bark methanol extract (FR me ) was examined using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 cell cytotoxicity by FR me was dose-dependent with EC50 of 91.32 ± 4.21 μg mL−1 however, it was non-toxic to normal cell line (HEK 293 T). Apoptosis identified by flow cytometer showed 32.5% cells in apoptosis and 61.6% in late apoptosis. FR me blocked cell cycle growth and proliferation at the G1/S phase. An increased expression of BAX with the proteolytic cleavage of PARP-1 and a downregulation of Bcl-2 levels by Western blot was recorded. Confocal microscopy studies identified chromatin condensation and loss of nuclear structures in apoptotic cells. UPLC-MS analysis of FR me for novel bioactives identified rutin, 3-caffeoylquinic acid, luteolin 7-O-rutinoside, 6-C-glucosyl-8-C-arabinosylapigenin, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside.
Published Version
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