Abstract
Over the last two decades, genomic technology such as microarray and next generation sequencing (NGS) enabled comprehensive analysis of cancer genome. International cancer genome consortium, established in 2007, completed the analysis of 25,000 cases and has brought discovery of novel cancer driver genes and improved our understanding cancer biology. For example, discovery of IDH1/2 mutation in various cancers created a new concept, 2-hydroxyglutarate as Oncometabolite. The mutational signature patterns allow us to predict how the individual cancer was developed. Anti-cancer drugs, such as alkylating agents, occasionally modify the bases and introduce mutations through mispairing in replication.Currently we are aware that cancer is a genetic disease, where accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in the genome leads to cellular transformation, and that mutation in each patient is unique. To realize the personalized oncology, clinical sequencing test was developed. This year a couple of NGS-based cancer panel tests have been approved for reimbursement by nation-wide healthcare system in Japan.In this seminar I will discuss the future improvement in genomic oncology.
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