Risk factors and clinical effects of trauma induced coagulopathy in ICU patients with major trauma

Abstract

Objective To investigate the risk factors of trauma induced coagulopathy and its effect on the outcome of ICU patients with severe trauma.Methods Totally 223 severe trauma patients admitted to emergency ICU within 24h after injuring between June,2008 and September,2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Injury severity score (ISS),APACHE Ⅱ score,coagulation function,routine blood test,biochemical test,and blood gas assay were completed for each patient. Hypoperfusion was defined as vasoactive agents usage,or base deficit (BD) ≥ 6 or shock index ≥ 1. Patients were divided into coagulopathy group and non-coagulopathy (control) group according to coagulation function.ISS,APACHE Ⅱ score,the occurrence of hypothermia and hypoperfusion were compared between the two groups.The risk factors of trauma induced coagulopathy were analyzed,and the multivariate logistic regression equation was formulated.Coagulation function and incidence of trauma induced coagulopathy were compared between nonsurvival and survival group.Results Fifty-two of 223 (23.3 ％ ) patients met the criteria of trauma induced coagulopathy.Mortality rate in this group was significantly higher than that in non-coagulopathy group (36.5％ vs 9.4％, P ＜ 0.01 ). Patients in both groups had the comparability in age,sex, injury mechanism and time after trauma.ISS,the incidence of hypothermia,hypoperfusion and severe traumatic brain injury in coagulopathy group were higher than those in non-coagulopathy group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).GCS,hemoglobin,hematocrit,and platelet counts in coagulopathy group were significantly lower than that in noncoagulopathy group (P＜ 0.01).Base deficit ≥6,GCS ≤ 8,and platelet counts were considered as the independent risk factors involved in trauma- induced coagulopathy according to logistic regression in this study.Coagulation function of non-survivors also remarkably attenuated when compared with survival group.Conclusions The incidence rate of trauma induced coagulopathy is high in severe trauma patients admitted to ICU within 24h. Trauma induced coagulopathy correlates well with ISS core,severe traumatic brain injury,shock and hypothermia,and results in high mortality. Key words: Major trauma; Trauma induced coagulopathy; Risk factors; Outcome