Results of studying promising breeding potato hybrids under irrigated conditions in the Orenburg region

Abstract

The main focus of the work on breeding hybrids is the evaluation and selection of breeding material for the desired traits under the conditions of the specific cultivation zone. Obtaining new promising potato varieties is an important task that breeders face. Currently, import substitution is the main tool in solving the problem of food security in the country. Agricultural scientists understand import substitution as increasing the output of domestic products while reducing the import of imported goods, especially in times of economic crisis. Import substitution aims to increase national goods’ competitiveness and export potential in the world food market. The purpose of this study is to study and select the most promising and adapted to the conditions of the Orenburg region potato hybrids from the breeding material of FSBSI (Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution) “South Ural Research Institute (Research Institute) of Horticulture and Potato Production”. The research was conducted by the Methodology of Potato Crop Research (1967), International Classifier of CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) (1984), Methodological Recommendations on the Methodology of Breeding Processes for Potato Crop (1980). The authors studied the potential of yield formation and infestation by the main common pathogens in potato breeding hybrids were carried out on the irrigated plot of K(F)X (peasant farm) “Khomutsky V.I.”. Perevolotsk district of Orenburg region in the period from 2019 to 2021. For the experimental plot, the soil cover was southern medium-humus medium-poddy chernozem. Of the 19 hybrids studied, only 21 % produced yields higher than those of the standard variety in the 3-year trials. The remaining hybrids, 79 %, show much lower yields. During the same period, 26 % of the hybrids studied were affected by common pathogens. The maximum damage of potato tubers by table rot was found in breeding hybrids 13.20.101 (5.1 %), 13.10.11 (4.5 %) and M 14.16.25 (3.3 %), common scab - 13.32.1 (26.5 %), M 14.18.99 (18.3 %) and 13.20.9 (17 %). As a result, the authors identified promising potato breeding material for further work. This hybrid is Olninsk13.30.2 (38.1 t/ha), 10.76.1 (60.9 t/ha), M 14.07.08 (38.1 t/ha), M 14.07.6 (51.1 t/ha). It combines low pathogen infestation and higher yields compared to other hybrids.