Breeding of early ripening potato varieties under the conditions of the Kabardino-Balkarian foothill zone

Abstract

Evolution and thousands of years of artificial selection have contributed to the formation of the widest variety of cultivated potatoes. Thanks to this, more than 4 thousand varieties of potatoes have been created in the world today. All of them are known to differ not only in habit, but also in the level of yield, ripening period, resistance degree to numerous diseases and pests, plasticity to certain climatic and soil conditions. The results of research and evaluation of 4 thousand hybrids of the 1st tuber generation (single-tuberous plants) of joint breeding of the Institute of Agriculture ISKh KBNTs RAN and FSBSI (Federal state budgetary scientific institution) “Federal Research Center (FRC) of Potato name after A.G. Lorkh” that passed the full scheme of breeding tests, 9 promising cross-breed populations with economically useful traits were identified: consistently high yield and resistance to a complex of viral, bacterial and fungal diseases. The selected cross-breeds are distinguished by early and medium early ripening periods with a growing season of 55-70 days and a maximum yield of 38.6-66.2 ton/ha, depending on the prevailing weather conditions during the growing season of potato plants in 2019-2020. The genotypes obtained are involved in the implementation of the federal scientific and technical program for the development of potato growing for 2017-2030. The main goal of the program is to create new varieties of early ripeness group of potatoes. The co-executors of this program are a number of research institutes of the Russian Federation, including the Institute of Agriculture ISKh KBNTs RAN. [1] As a result of many years of investigation, the promising cross-breed 2652-15 that emerged from breeding of the Malinovka variety with the backcross 93.20-12 under the name Zamir was transferred in 2020 for the State test of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasian region. Medium early variety for table use and mashed potatoes processing. Potential yield is 49.5 ton/ha. Tubers of an attractive rounded oval shape with shallow eyes weighing 85.5-108.4 g with a yellow color of the tuber and creamy flesh. The tubers are resistant to mechanical damage during combine harvesting, storability is good. Medium resistant to late blight in tops and highly resistant to tubers. Relatively resistant to rhizoctonia and common scab, banded and wrinkled mosaic of leaves.