Assessment of variability of productivity traits and biochemical composition of apple tree varieties and forms, selection of the Orenburg branch of the federal state budgetary scientific institution federal research center of horticulture

Abstract

Currently, new varieties are subject to strict requirements for adaptability, productivity, commercial and consumer qualities of fruits. In this regard, it is important to study the interaction of the genotype of apple tree varieties and forms with climatic conditions, and it is also necessary to assess the genotypic variability of economically valuable traits focused on identifying genotypes characterized by stability of fruit quality in growing conditions. The study examined 12 varieties and forms of apple tree, selected by the Orenburg branch of the FGBNU FNTs of Horticulture. The following signs were studied: useful ovary (%), number of fruits (pcs.), average fruit weight (g), productivity (kg/d), sugar content in fruits, soluble solids, ascorbic acid, determination of titrable acidity. The study used mathematical models of two-factor variance and cluster analysis by the Ward method. Statistically significant differences were observed in the number of fruits between the first and third, and second and third clusters (t = 4.01 and 4.35, at p<0.01, respectively), as well as productivity between the first and third clusters (t = 9.19 at p<0.01), second and third (t = 8.7 at p<0.01).