ReSt Module Using a Four-Steps Approach Based on Case Study Example and Infographic for SPPS Novice Users: Design and Development

Abstract

Using software packages to analyse quantitative data, such as SPSS, appears to be challenging amidst unskilled novice users. Studies have shown that example-based learning is an easy-to-understand method for novice, while infographic display is an effective strategy to aid the learning processes. As a result, a module with four-step approach based on case study examples and infographic called ‘ReSt’ (Research and Statistics) was developed, mainly to assist novice users in analysing quantitative data using SPSS within the actual research context. The ADWa model (amalgamation of ADDIE and Waterfall Model) was incorporated as an instructional design model for the ReSt module. The four-step approach is an innovation that depicts the flow of research process. The example-based learning was integrated into ReSt module to facilitate users in relevant information-seeking processes and to help them to concentrate on studying the problem-solving steps provided. The display of infographic information allows difficult information to be processed in a simple form to enhance the learning process. In fact, the cognitive load theory is the main foundation of the ReSt module design. It is hoped that the ReSt module would be able to serve its purpose in guiding novice users to learn quantitative data analysis using SPSS by enhancing their skills. Keywords: PSS; novice; cognitive load theory; example-based learning; infographic