Abstract
Dropout from public and private institutions of higher education (IHE) is associated with considerable social, academic and economic losses. These losses affect all of society, as citizens directly or indirectly pay for their own education and that of their relatives. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the dropout behavior of students enrolled in undergraduate programs of Business Administration and Accounting at Brazilian IHEs between 2001 and 2010. Dropout rates were investigated per type of IHE and correlated with the percentage of students completing their courses within the ideal time frame. Our hypotheses were tested with ANOVA and the variables were submitted to simple and multiple correspondence analysis. Descriptive statistics showed higher dropout levels for Business Administration than for Accounting, but lower overall levels when compared to the literature. The median ideal-term course completion index was higher for Accounting, though not significantly. Less than a quarter of the students completed their courses within the expected five-year period. In general, our findings indicate that Accounting programs have lower dropout rates in universities and university centers, whereas Business Administration programs have higher dropout rates in colleges, schools, institutes and technological education centers. The results of this study are not intended as a generalization, but represent patterns observed within the classifications adopted in the study.
Highlights
Taxas crescentes de fracasso e evasão no ensino superior são provas da falta de sucesso das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) ao responder a estas situações
As interrupções no processo educacional dos estudantes de graduação podem ser pesquisadas de diferentes formas e sob aspectos diferentes, mas todos devem considerar a relação entre o estudante e a IES, além das circunstâncias que levam à evasão ou à saída
Dos 47 cursos analisados no estudo, a Matemática apresentou a taxa média de evasão mais alta (30%) e a Medicina a mais baixa (4%)
Summary
O ingresso no ensino superior é visto por muitos como um dos rituais de passagem mais importantes na vida acadêmica do indivíduo. Ainda que nenhum estudo tenha sido encontrado focalizando especificamente as Ciências Contábeis e Administração, como mencionado acima, a área de Ciências Sociais, Negócios e Direito, das quais estes cursos são parte, estavam associadas com as taxas mais altas de evasão no trabalho de Silva Filho et al (2007). De acordo com o Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep), aproximadamente 40% dos pretendentes que participam do Exame Nacional de Avaliação do Desempenho de Estudantes (Enade), com parte da sua inscrição nos cursos de Ciências Contábeis e Administração, têm alguma forma de emprego (Brasil, 2005). Vários pesquisadores demonstraram que o desenvolvimento e o retorno econômico dependem da eficiência do sistema de ensino, particularmente o ensino superior (Langoni, 1973; Reis, & Barros, 1991; Fernandes, & Menezes-Filho, 2000; Menezes-Filho, 2001; Fernandes, & Narita, 2001; Cunha, 2007)
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