Quantum Entanglement Effects in Biomolecules

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Biomolecules exhibit very complex dynamical properties and are constantly exchanging energy. These systems also behave very much like non-equilibrium systems. For example, there exist systems like proteins and their dynamics, cancer tumor progression, biophotonics and many more. These principles can also be used to understand the information processing in the DNA. There have been various studies which clearly indicate that classical physics is not enough to explain these systems. The two fundamental aspects of physics which can be applied to all systems are Quantum Mechanics and Electrodynamics. Every process or interaction has inbuilt in it these two fundamental properties. In general, the field of biomolecules is studied as a macroscopic phenomenon and the focus is mostly on the results which we detect or measure in laboratory experiments. Quantum physics concepts have been an extremely interesting tool to see the deeper aspects of such complex systems. There has always been an interest in complex systems from the Quantum Mechanics point of view. Early researchers such as Erwin Schrödinger was also said to have an interest in the quantum aspects of life. Quantum Mechanics deals with microscopic systems at the fundamental level and gives an insight into the phenomena from the lens of the dynamics of the process. Since the early days of the formulation of Quantum Mechanics, it has expressed itself as a robust theory which can describe systems such as molecular physics and chemistry, atomic physics and even systems such as proteins. This conjunction of biomolecules and quantum physics has gained immense interest recently. In this research, we make an attempt to describe the dynamics of biomolecules from two aspects, namely: (1) Fermi’s Golden Rule; (2) Quantum Entanglement in Biomolecules. In this study, we will present a new idea based on an extension in Fermi’s Golden Rule and how Quantum Entanglement plays a part in explaining Fermi’s Golden Rule further. Further, we will explain how these concepts can be applied to specific complex systems in biology.