Abstract
The fungus Trichoderma spp. is known due to its versatility for promoting crop growth and grain yield, improving the nutrient absorption and increasing the grain yield. The objective of this work was to evaluate commercial strains of Trichoderma spp. and an organomineral fertilizer in the early growth promotion and grain yield of wheat plants. Thus, wheat seeds cv. BRS 264 were treated with 2 mL of a Trichoderma suspension (2.5 × 108 conidia mL-1 per 100 g seed) and submitted to growth in laboratory until 8 days after sowing (DAS). In the greenhouse experiment, the seeds were sown in an 8 L pot, which received 4.0 × 108 conidia of Trichoderma per pot. In both evaluations were: percentage of germination (PG), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), total length (TL), fresh root mass (FRM), fresh shoot mass (FSM), total fresh mass (TFM), dry root mass (DRM), dry shoot mass (DSM), total biomass (BIO), root mass ratio (RMR), shoot mass ratio (SMR) and aerial part/root system ratio (AP/RS). In the greenhouse experiment, paniculation and grain yield were evaluated at 110 DAS. The treatments T. harzianum ESALQ 1306 and T. asperellum URM5911 were considered satisfactory, since they provided grain yield superior to 2,000 kg ha-1. In addition, T. harzianum ESALQ 1306 provided the best results for PG, RL, SL, TL, FRM, FSM, TFM, DRM, DSM and BIO under greenhouse conditions. The reduced biomass allocation to the root system in seedlings treated with Trichoderma ssp. occurred in the laboratory, which was confirm in greenhouse.
Highlights
The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is considered extremely important for the sustainability of small and medium-sized properties in the south region of Brazil, being highly integrated in rotation and succession schemes with soybean and corn crops in the no-tillage crop system, ensuring the economic flow and the sustainability of the property (Camargo et al, 2004)
Results corresponding to the superiority of T. harzianum ESALQ 1306 in the field were expected, since after a Trichoderma strain established a relationship with the rhizosphere, these can stimulate plant growth (Akladious & Abbas, 2012)
This inference is valid, since T. harzianum ESALQ 1306 was reported by Carvalho et al (2015b) colonizing soil under bean crops, whereas after fungal application, it was recovered from soil at the harvest showing populations ranging from 50 to 100 CFU g-1 soil
Summary
The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is considered extremely important for the sustainability of small and medium-sized properties in the south region of Brazil, being highly integrated in rotation and succession schemes with soybean and corn crops in the no-tillage crop system, ensuring the economic flow and the sustainability of the property (Camargo et al, 2004). The use of plant growth promoting microorganisms has been currently an important tool for agricultural. In this sense, the rhizospheric interactions between plants and microorganisms are determinants and fundamental factors for plant health, productivity and soil fertility (Souza et al, 2015). The interaction occurs through the roots of plants that have the ability to synthesize metabolites that are recognized by microorganisms that, in response, produce signals that promote the initiation of microbial colonization (Berg, 2009). Plant roots have the ability to secrete sucrose as a food source providing the occurrence of colonization by microorganisms (Druzhinina et al, 2011; Vargas et al, 2011). Among the microorganisms that associate with the plants rhizosphere, Trichoderma species are common filamentous fungi in the soil, with some strains are capable of establishing beneficial relationships with plants (Harman et al, 2004; Contreras-Cornejo et al, 2014)
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