Abstract
Urinary Tract Infection is alarming problem worldwide due to the intensity of antimicrobial resistance. Escherichia coli is the most predominant organism in UTI. This study was planned to evaluate demographic parameters, the prevalence of E. coli, and antimicrobial resistance patterns among E. coli isolates from UTI patients in Nishtar Hospital of Multan from January to June 2018. A total of 350 mid-stream urine samples were collected from different patients having age group from 25 to 60 years and processed by standard laboratory procedures. Out of 350 samples, 100 samples were observed as critical bacteremia. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were the most persistent (47 % and 19 % individually) among the Gram-negative pathogens followed by S. aureus (14 %), Enterobacter spp. (11 %) and Candida (9 %) respectively. The incidence of UTI was found higher in 25-35 age groups. The prevalence of UTI with E. coli as an infectious agent was 72 % in females, and 28 % in males. The prevalence of E. coli was more in rural areas (70 %) than in urban areas (26 %). The antimicrobial testing against E. coli showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin (65.9 %) and ciprofloxacin (38.2 %), whereas highly sensitive rate observed against Fosfomycin (FOS) (95.7 %), Gentamicin (GEN) (89.3 %), and Nitrofurantoin (NIT) (85 %) respectively. The increased resistance against ampicillin and ciprofloxacin was observed in Multan have a great emerging problem so there is a need for effective prevention strategies for the E. coli drug resistance and successful surveillance required to be improved.
Highlights
Urinary tract infection is the most familiar microbial disease especially present in hospitals and communities affecting people of all age groups (Rosen et al, 2007)
UTIs, the advanced knowledge on the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of pathogenic bacteria is very necessary which serves as an infectious agent of UTIs
The number of virulence factors such as capsule, lipopolysaccharide, flagella, fimbriae, toxins, and iron scavenger receptors associated with different types of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is concerned to cause UTIs (Karam et al, 2019)
Summary
Urinary tract infection is the most familiar microbial disease especially present in hospitals and communities affecting people of all age groups (Rosen et al, 2007). The occurrence of urinary tract disease depends upon little variables that give the proximity of minute organisms (more than 105/ ml) in urine samples (Mihankhah et al, 2017). The prevalence of UTI is found in both genders while the frequency is higher in females than in males and there is a 50 to 70% chance that every woman will at least acquire one UTI during her lifetime (Wiedemann et al, 2014) While UTI is not common in men but it can be very severe when it happens (Elahe, 2015). The UTIs is affected by other risk factors like age, gender, sexual behavior, immunity, diabetes, and neurological diseases (Hsueh, 2011)
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