Abstract
Pemakaian pestisida sintetis untuk pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman sudah lama digunakan, dan diketahui sangat efektif, namun penggunaan secara terus menerus dan berulang ulang menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan, toksisitas residu, resistensi patogen dan bahaya bagi pengguna. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penelitian pemanfaatan pestisida nabati perlu di intensifkan hingga didapatkan pestisida nabati yang handal yang efektifitasnya tidak beda dengan pestisida sintetis serta ramah lingkungan. Fusarium oxysporum merupakan salah satu patogen yang sangat sulit dikendalikan, merupakan patogen tular tanah yang mempunyai forma species yang sangat banyak, gejala serangan pada tanaman berupa layu dan busuk. Namanya tergatung inang yang diserangnya, diantaranya yang sangat merugikan petani adalah Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, penyebab penyakit layu fusarium tanaman pisang, kejadian penyakit mencapai 64,45% bahkan dapat memusnahkan perkebunan pisang Cavendish dalam waktu lima tahun. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici, menyerang tanaman cabai kegagalan panen hingga 50%, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici penyebab penyakit layu tanaman tomat serangan mencapai 50% dan Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Zingiberi menyebabkan kehilangan hasil jahe mencapai 90%. Tulisan ini menyajikan beberapa pestisida nabati minyak atsiri yang telah diujikan terhadap jamur patogen Fusarium oxysporum penyebab penyakit layu dan busuk fusarium pada beberapa tanaman yang dibudidayakan, diharapkan pestisida nabati ini dapat mengurangi pemakaian pestisida sintetisABSTRACTThe use of synthetic pesticides to control pests and plant diseases has been used for a long time, and is known to be very effective, however, continuous and repeated use causes environmental pollution, residual toxicity, pathogen resistance and danger to users. Based on this, research on the development of the use of vegetable pesticides needs to be intensified in order to obtain reliable plant pesticides for controlling pests and plant diseases, which are not much different in effectiveness from synthetic pesticides and are environmentally friendly. Fusarium oxysporum is one of the pathogens that is very difficult to control, is a soil borne pathogen that has a very large number of species forms, with symptoms of attack on plants in the form of wilting and rot. Its name depends on the host it attacks, one of which is quite important and very detrimental to farmers is Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi. This article presents several essential oil vegetable pesticides that have been tested against the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum which causes fusarium wilt and rot in several cultivated plants. It is hoped that these vegetable pesticides can reduce the use of synthetic pesticides.
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