Abstract
Thedevelopment of a disposable electrochemical paper-based analytical device (ePAD) is describedusing a novel formulation of conductive ink that combines graphite powder, polyester resin, and acetone. As a proof of concept, the proposed sensor was utilized for paracetamol (PAR) sensing. The introduced ink was characterized via morphological, structural, and electrochemical analysis, and the results demonstrated appreciable analytical performance. The proposed ePAD provided linear behavior (R2 = 0.99) in the concentration range between 1 and 60µmol L-1, alimit of detection of 0.2µmol L-1, and satisfactory reproducibility (RSD ~ 7.7%, n = 5) applying a potential of + 0.81V vs Ag at the working electrode. The quantification of PAR was demonstrated in different pharmaceutical formulations. The achieved concentrations revealed good agreement with the labeled values, acceptable accuracy (101% and 106%), and no statistical difference from the data obtained by HPLC at the95% confidence level. The environmental impact of the new device was assessed using AGREE software, which determined a score of 0.85, indicating that it is eco-friendly. During the pharmacokinetic study of PAR, it was found that the drug has a maximum concentration of 23.58 ± 0.01µmol L-1, a maximum time of 30min, and a half-life of 2.15h. These results are comparable to other studies that utilized HPLC. This suggests that the combination of graphite powder and polyester resin can transform conductive ink into an effective ePAD that can potentially be used in various pharmaceutical applications.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
