Abstract
Euphorbia tirucalli is a medicine plant possessing many bioactive properties. This paper focused on phytochemical screening (alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and anthraquinone), quantification of polyphenol and flavonoids, and activating evaluation of antioxidants and antimicrobial properties against Xanthomonas axonopodis of different extracts from Euphorbia tirucalli grown in Binh Thuan, Vietnam. The best activity fraction was used for purification and determining bioactive ingredients. The results showed that the phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids in the ethyl acetate fraction. Saponin and anthraquinone did not present in all extracts. The content of polyphenol and flavonoid of Euphorbia tirucalli stem was in the range of 16.65–106.32 mg EqAG/g and 97.97–450.83 μg QE/g. The ethyl acetate fraction showed higher amounts of polyphenol and flavonoids and antimicrobial activity against X. axonopodis than other fractions. The antioxidant (SC50) activity of Euphorbia tirucalli stem was in the range of 12.91 ± 0.70 and 528.33 ± 25.15 μg/mL. At concentrations of 5.0 and 7.5 mg/mL, the diameter of inhibition of the ethyl acetate fraction was 14.33 ± 0.76 mm and 17.87 ± 0.57 mm, respectively. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) was 0.156 mg/mL. Scopoletin, gallic acid, and piperic acid got MICs corresponding to 78, 312, and 312 μg/mL, respectively. Scopoletin, gallic acid, and piperic acid were found in the ethyl acetate fraction of Euphorbia tirucalli and exhibited the treatment of citrus bacteria canker and plant diseases.
Highlights
Euphorbia tirucalli L. belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is a commonly popular herb in traditional herbal medicine
The ethyl acetate fraction and butanol was a positive reaction for alkaloid and tannin
The findings indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of stem E. tirucalli was rich in flavonoids and polyphenol contents, which could be the main contributor to their antioxidant properties as many studies affirmed that flavonoids and polyphenol offered the highest ability of scavenging activity in medicinal plants [17,18]
Summary
Euphorbia tirucalli L. belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is a commonly popular herb in traditional herbal medicine. E. tirucalli is universally known as aveloz. It is a native of Africa and America. Numerous notices showed that flavonoids in this plant effectively inhibited the bacteria growth due to its ability to form a complex with extracellular proteins of the cell wall and disrupt the microbial membrane, while the polyphenols are toxic to micro-organisms. The tannins in this plant are able to inhibit bacteria by inactivate microbial adhesion, enzymes, and cell envelope transport proteins [7]
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