Abstract
Calycotome spinosa (L.) Link is one of the important plants in traditional medicine especially in Algeria. The present work deals with the phytochemical screening, the flavonoids extraction from leaves and flowers of this plant, the quantification of total polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as the evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions. While, the rest, interacted with its phenolics identification. The results of preliminary phytochemical screening showed that C. spinosa contained various metabolites: Polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins etc. In addition, the findings of polyphenols determination using Folin Ciocalteu was high in all the fractions: 107.75±0.41 and 64.24±1.81 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract for leaves ethyl acetate and n-butanol respectively and 81.45±0.6 and 96.06±2.72 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract for flowers ethyl acetate and n-butanol successively. Conversely, the flavonoids content in the four fractions by AlCl3 was less important than polyphenols. Moreover, the obtained fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant capacity using DPPH assay. Besides, the obtained result revealed that Ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of leaves exerted very high antioxidant activities with IC50 equal to 45.25±1.8 and 52.80±2.05 µg/mL, respectively compared with flowers. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of those fractions against many microbial strains have also been investigated using the disc diffusion method; the leaves ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest activity against Acinetobacter baumannii with a zone inhibition diameter equal to 22±0.06 mm. Additionally, high-performance liquid chromatography/diode-array detector (HPLC/DAD) analysis performed with C. spinosa fractions revealed the richness of plant in many phenolic compounds. Key words: Calycotome spinosa (L.) Link, medicinal plant, phenolics and flavonoids content, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial potential, high-performance liquid chromatography/diode-array detector (HPLC/DAD).
Highlights
Medicinal plants are the effective source of secondary metabolites which are used in traditional as well as modern medicines (Patil et al, 2014) and they have played an important role in the drug developmentJ
The phytochemical analysis of the C. spinosa leaves and flowers extracts (Table 1) showed the presence of different groups of secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, coumarins and saponins which are of medicinal importance
El Antri et al (2004) showed that C. villosa subsp. intermedia collected from Morocco contains two flavonoids belonging to the same type: chrysin-7-O (ß-D glycopyranoside) and chrysin-7-O-ß-D[(6 ́ ́-acetyl) glycopyranoside]
Summary
Medicinal plants are the effective source of secondary metabolites which are used in traditional as well as modern medicines (Patil et al, 2014) and they have played an important role in the drug developmentJ. Within the framework of the bio-diversity study of certain vegetable resources in Algeria, the aromatic and medicinal plants of the Algerian Northeast which are little valued this day were very interested in the past (Larit et al, 2012), as the plant belongs to Calycotome genus. The special thing about C. spinosa is that its foliage is very rich in crude protein (33.7% DM), making this legume an excellent supplement protein for low quality forage and undergrowth fibrous products. This species is excessively rich in phenols and total tannins (Mebirouk-Boudechiche et al, 2015). Flavonoids are a broad class of plant pigments that are ubiquitously present in fruit and vegetable derived foods (Robards and Antolovich, 1997; Pietta, 2000)
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