Physiotherapeutic intervention in the intensive care unit for SARS-VOC-2 patients: challenges and innovations of invasive mechanical ventilation

Abstract

The present work brings with it an analysis about the physiotherapeutic treatment in the patient submitted to invasive mechanical ventilation, resulting from the acute respiratory distress syndrome - SARA, originating from COVID-19, which is characterized by a viral infection and affects the airways, mainly, epithelial, alveolar and endothelial cells, thus causing the presence of multinucleate, syncytial cells and atypical pneumocytes between the alveoli, due to viral changes. Thus, the most severe forms of the disease demonstrate the inflammatory cascade that defines ARDS, through the presence of inflammatory infiltrates and alveolar and interstitial edema. In this sense, this study has the general objective of understanding how physiotherapy intervenes in the intensive care environment, compared to patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, who are on invasive mechanical ventilation. Therefore, the research methodology is characterized as an integrative literature review, collecting information in the Google Scholar databases, Medline (PubMed), LILACS, SciELO, PEDro, using as Health Sciences Descriptors: “Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult” “Respiratory Insufficiency” “Artificial respiration” and “COVID-19”, with time limits from 2010 to 2020 for articles. The results of research indicate that invasive mechanical ventilation is essential for maintaining the life of patients with ARDS, so they take protective ventilation in order to avoid further lung damage, through ventilation adjustments, which can be volume or pressure. It was also seen about prone ventilation, which seeks to improve the oxygenation rate and decrease mortality levels. In this context, it can be concluded that most of the articles found in this review corroborate the importance of the physiotherapist's performance in the ICU and his aptitude for the management of invasive mechanical ventilation, in order to promote improvement and discharge from this environment, as well as the relevance of mechanical ventilation stresses, which, by means of appropriate adjustments, provides a reduction in hypoxemia and, consequently, offers imminent improvement to patients undergoing it.