Abstract
Executive function comprises cognitive skills essential for activities like planning, emotion regulation, and problem solving. Neurological changes in the prefrontal cortex, linked to executive function, are associated with regular physical activity. This review explores the role of physical activity as a developmental process, situated within a complex and ever-evolving bioecological system. Meta-analytic evidence shows that physical activity involving complex motor skills, performed at moderate to vigorous intensity consistently and over extended periods, is most beneficial. The quality and quantity of physical activity conducive to executive function development are influenced by the developing child’s physical literacy, gender, parents, peers, schools, competitive sport involvement, socioeconomics, physical environments, and time. This review advocates for promoting childhood physical activity, supporting quality physical education in schools, and overcoming socioeconomic barriers. Future research should focus on real-world physical activity settings, longitudinal studies, and the optimal progression of physical activity interventions.
Published Version
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