Oral mucocele: A narrative review

Abstract

Abstract A mucocele stands out as the most prevalent mucosal lesion found in the oral cavity. It is characterized as a cyst filled with mucus that can manifest within the oral region. This condition arises from the buildup of mucus secretion triggered by the factors such as trauma, habits like lip-biting, or changes in minor salivary gland function. Oral mucoceles (OMs) represent benign masses of soft tissue, typically appearing as smooth, spherical, translucent nodules with a soft consistency, commonly observed in the buccal mucosa or lips. OM can manifest anywhere within the oral mucosa, including the lips, cheeks, and floor of the oral cavity, although it predominantly occurs in the lip region. There are two primary types of OMs such as extravasation and retention types. OM mostly affects young patients but can affect all groups. OMs typically present as asymptomatic, although occasionally they may cause discomfort by hindering chewing, speech, or swallowing. The diagnosis of OM is based on the clinical appearance and history. The histopathological study confirms the diagnosis of OM. Treatment options for OM encompass various approaches such as complete excision, marsupialization, cryosurgery, carbon dioxide laser therapy, electrocautery, and intralesional injection of sclerosing agents. This review focuses on details of OM including its etiopathology, classification, clinical features, and its current management.