On the Structural Adjustment of University in the Context of Hard Employment Recruitment---And Some Discussion on Higher Vocational Training Mode

Abstract

Not all colleges and universities for elite education mode; Employment employment dilemma, have prompted us to thinking about the classification of Education; Set up a complete modern vocational education system, come up with a modern occupation education system standards and evaluation methods, given the policy inclination, lead level in vocational colleges, the existing three colleges and universities and a considerable part of two colleges and universities to occupation colleges; For the specialized subject of ordinary universities and colleges of undergraduate course to higher vocational training, college students to actively implement the 2+1 training mode, the implementation of 3+1 training mode of undergraduates. 1. Theoretical Basis It’s true that the ordinary colleges are facing the high stress of employment. For one thing, it is hard for students to apply a suitable job, for another, the employers are also in the plight of recruit workers, thus it has posed both of them in a dilemma. However, there are fierce competitions in some positions, such as civil servants, bankers, and state-owners enterprise staff. But, to our curiosity, what caused this two extreme phenomenon? We first analyze this problem from the following steps:If there is something wrong in our structure of universities? Are there existing some disparities in treats among different careers? Or, our education’s patterns could not apply the development of society any more? And how can we turn around our present situations? On 10 January, 2012, The Ministry of Education as well as other 7 ministries together formed “several opinions on further strengthen the education through practice in colleges and universities”, and pointed that: “we should focus more on the practical teaching program......and every higher colleges are required to set the practical teaching standards correspondingly, to add more practical teaching in our teaching program, according to the profession’s features and requirements for the cultivation of talents. We also should make sure an appropriate proportion in our teaching: as for the undergraduate majors, the humanities and social sciences is not less than 15% of the total credits(periods), the science and engineering, agriculture and medial professions not less than 50%. For normal students ,the experience for teaching internship is at least one semester, and for MSPM is at least up to half years ; ” deep the reform of practical teaching methods”,“implement social practice activities methodically....he total time of social practice activities is at least up to 4 weeks for undergraduates, and postgraduates, for 2 weeks in their school days, every students are required 1to partake in social surveys at least one time, and better to write a survey report accordingly”【1】。 Our premier, Li Keqiang, presided the executive meeting of the State Council, on the 26 February, 2014,to deploy the plan s to accelerate development of modern vocational education and the measures.“ Firstly, we should keep the vocational education on the core position of our national talents cultivation system, to nurish a good social atmosphere —“encourage and respect the 1 [fund project: Shandong Province vocational and adult education research: research approaches to training program specialist technical application type college sand Implementation (2013zcj003)] [Author introduction: Guo Ying (1981 -), female, Shandong Tai'an, lecturer; Song Tingshan (1962 -), male, Shandong Haiyang , Professor, tutor. ] 3rd International Conference on Science and Social Research (ICSSR 2014) © 2014. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 131 special skills and capabilities rather than educational background ”,to encourage the young people to learn special professional skills“Secondly, we should create a pattern of vocational education,......form a system of accumulation of credits , and make it is more accessible to the postgraduate education for secondary vocational schools students, junior colleges students and undergraduates. And we should guide them to transfer from regular undergraduate colleges to technological application colleges.......【2】. 2. The Classification of Colleges At present , the recognitions of higher educational schools mainly depend on the government and the bureau of education, academic research institutions,as well as colleges themselves. Basically, we can divide them into 3 categories, that is, universities for research and teaching study, universities for 4 years’ undergraduate education and colleges for professional education【3】. As what professor kong Fanmin from Peking Comprehensive University once introduced, China’s higher education started in 1995 when a series of higher educational programs such as “211” and “985” sequentially carried out,among which are all the key programs that our nation is trying to cultivate .Generally, they are composed of universities who focus on research and some on teaching study, besides they are also our major goals of building world first-class universities and advanced-level colleges.Another part we are paying effort is the building of the higher professional or career-oriented education, which takes the responsibility to cultivate the technical intelligences that our nation desperately needs in the aspects of the social production, service,and management. What ‘s more, Between the two kinds are those general undergraduate universities which cultivate practical intelligences in research and teaching study. Seeing the biggest percentage of them, we have to make it clear about the position in the higher educational system【4】. The classification work of higher education in ShanDong Province will almost be done by November 5, 2012, which means the former educational pattern “Rank education, Rank management” will transfer to the “Classification education,Classification management”. ShanDong higher education has realized the historical leap from elite education to public education,and forwarding to the universal. At the meanwhile,the structure of higher educational schools should meet the needs of the diversity of the social human resources market ,and different universities should have the different divisions,education targets and criteria. By taking the advantages of building the advanced higher educational universities, ShanDong province should take the chance to enhance the classificational guidances,and divided universities into Fundamental Application-oriented,Application-oriented and Technique-oriented, so that we can make a good control of the classification management and construction, and then help them identify their distinguishing features forming their own educational ideas and styles.among those universities, Shandong Science and Technology University and other 4 universities have been identified as the first Application-oriented constructions, while Shandong Laber Vocational and Technical College, Laiwu Vocational and Technical College and other 11 higher educational schools become the first Technique-oriented constructions【5】. 3. Countermeasures and Advices Based on those thinking ,we believe that the reasons of the dilemma between finding jobs for undergraduates and employment for employers ,of singular popularities for officials ,banking and state-owned enterprise are mainly unreasonable structure in running universities,irrational treatment in different industries ,and iffy training mode except the problem in employment education . What can we do to turn the tide ? Our countermeasures and advices are as follows: 3.1 Countermeasure on Micro-system Level 3.1.1 To reform salary system . To change traditional employment concept by adjusting salary treatment . The main basis is the contradiction between recruiting and interview . To increase absolute salaries of skilled jobs and decrease relatively salaries treatment of the officials , banking and state-owned enterprise . Of course , those adjustments are based on investigation and study . 3.1.2 To establish integrated modern occupation education system . That is to say occupational schools should include not only secondary vocational education and higher vocational educational