Research of The Combination of Production and Education In Higher Vocational Education In The Period of Economic Transition

Abstract

With the rapid development for a decade, China’s economy is switching into the stage of medium-speed development. Affected by the decline of the demand of the European and American market and the upgrade of industrial structure and other factors, China’s economy will be in a new normal period of medium speed development for a long time in the future. Economic transition also has a far-reaching effect on China’s higher vocational education. According to the process of the development of China’s higher vocational education, this paper thoroughly analyzes the present situation and problems of the development of China’s higher vocational education in the new normal period, and finally studies the measure of the combination of production and teaching that has been carried out in the development of China’s higher vocational education in period of economic transition. I hope this research can provide the development of China’s higher vocational education with some valuable advice, and hope that the development of China’s higher vocational education has a bright future.. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, education plays a more important role in social development. As a vital force in the development of education, higher vocational education is increasingly significant in the development of education. The most obvious sign in the development of China’s higher education is that the setting of the course in vocational and technical education is increasingly consistent with the development of socialist market economy. This makes China’s higher vocational education develop along the road of occupation planning and development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. 1. The development process of China’s higher vocational and technical education Time flies, we have moved into the 21 century. The history of China’s education has experienced several years of ups and downs with the development of society. Throughout the history of the development of education, both brilliant period and depress period are exist. However, no matter it grows in bright light or in trouble, or grows in obscurity, the development of education shows an indomitable vitality. As an important part of the development of education, vocational education does not have history as long as basic education, or as attractive as higher education. But higher vocational education has been developing for over thirty years. It is known to all that anything cannot go smoothly. The development of higher education is no exception. Since the explicit target of higher vocational education around the world according to the international education standard classification established by UNESCO in 1976, the development of China’s higher vocational education has experienced five stages. The first stage is from the early time of reform and opening up to the full resume of specialized education in mid 1980s. During the Cultural Revolution, not only the development of society and economy has a great setback, the development of education is extremely slow. With the resumption of college entrance examination system in 1977, the specialized education is resumed. China implemented the policy of reform and opening up in 1978. China has a thousand things to do at that time. To meet the needs of the rapid development of society and economy after the reform and opening up , and the urgent needs of technical personnel under the social condition, a new type of college—vocational college has been created in cities with higher level of economic development. International Conference on Education, Management and Computing Technology (ICEMCT 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 1152 The second stage begins with the document on education reform issued by the Ministry of Education in 1985. This document not only first proposed the idea of positively developing the higher vocational and technical schools, but also first proposed the decision to gradually establish a vocational and technical education system. Due to the attention of central authorities, higher vocational education has been added to the national education system officially. This results in the rapid development of vocational schools all over the nation at that time. For instance, Food Vocational School in Yibin city of Sichuan was established in 1985. The exploration period of higher vocational education is not over until mid-1990s. And the adult education was developing gradually at that time. Therefore, vocational education at that time achieved a qualitative leap and laid the foundation for the later development. The third stage is the establishment period of China’s vocational education. This stage (1994--1998) is extremely short, but the legal status of higher vocational education was clearly defined in this stage. Higher vocational education belongs to higher education. The promulgation of “Vocational Education Law” marks the establishment of the status of higher vocational education. The fourth stage is from 1999 to 2004, when higher vocational education was developing rapidly in a large scale. It is the golden period of the development of China’s higher education. Higher vocational education has been explained no matter in the implementation of college enrollment policy or in the reform of education policy, and further clarified the fundamental task of higher education. It also makes higher vocational education develop rapidly with the support and encouragement of national policy. The fifth stage is from 2004 to the present, higher vocational education is in the stage of enhancing the quality. In the 21 century, with the emphasis on education and the implementation of higher education enrollment expansion policy, the development of higher vocational education entered deep water area. In order to establish a good image in the society, higher vocational education focuses on the development of the quality of vocational school students. And the cultivation of talent with high level of knowledge and culture connotations becomes the pursuit of higher vocational education. The trend of the number of graduates of vocational education institutions from 1998 to 2004 is shown in figure 1. Figure 1 The trend of the number of graduates of vocational education institutions 2. Problems in the development of higher vocational education In the 21 century, the economy and technology is developing rapidly all over the world. It has been thirty years since the implementation of reform and opening up in China. The economic development is in the transition period and critical stage.