Abstract
The economic loss of intestinal inflammation by histamine in diet has caused concern in eel culture, it is urgent to develop a natural feed additive to alleviate the negative effects of high level of dietary histamine. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC), as the natural antioxidant to scavenge free radicals, was supplemented to alleviate the effects of dietary histamine on parameters of growth, serum biochemistry and liver metabolites of juvenile American eels in present study. The juvenile American eel with an initial body weight of (10.84±0.16 g/fish) were divided into control group fed commercial diet, HIS group fed commercial diet supplemented 300 mg/kg histamine, and OPC group fed commercial diet supplemented 300 mg/kg histamine and 300 mg/kg OPC. Trial period was 11 weeks. Compared with HIS group, dietary OPC supplementation could alleviate the growth retardation, the decreased activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase and lowered levels of immunoglobulin and complement 3 in serum. With the upregulation of L-cysteine and dihydrouracil involving in cysteine and methionine metabolism, beta-Alanine metabolism, sulfur metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis and pyrimidine metabolism in liver, OPC supplementation could alleviate the effects of high level of dietary histamine on growth and serum biochemical parameters. There were no significant difference of growth performance and serum biochemical parameters between HIS group and control group. These results indicated that OPC might act as a potential feed additive to effectively counteract the negative effects of dietary histamine on juvenile American eel.
Highlights
The American eel (Anguilla rostrata) is a catadromous fish found in areas ranging from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea to southern Greenland (Benchetrit and McCleave, 2016)
The purpose of this study was conducted to evaluate the alleviation effect of 300 mg/kg Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) supplemented in diet on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and liver metabolites of juvenile American eels under stress of dietary histamine
The effects of dietary OPC supplementation on growth performance of juvenile American eels fed a diet with a high level
Summary
The American eel (Anguilla rostrata) is a catadromous fish found in areas ranging from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea to southern Greenland (Benchetrit and McCleave, 2016). The main ingredient of eel diet is white fish meal, which accounts for 60–70% (Tibbetts et al, 2000). The brown fish meal used in eel feed can greatly increase the level of dietary histamine, which is considered to be toxic. It was found that higher levels of dietary histamine could cause oxidative stress by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (Rada et al, 2013; Ma et al, 2020), and this might be the major factor to exert negative effects on those fish species
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