Abstract
Part I thru III discussed obesity, its general relationship with cancer and its specific impact on six cancers, namely those involving the breast, colorectal tissues, esophagus, stomach. gall bladder, and liver. This part (Part IV) deals with obesity and its relationship with cancers of the endometrium, ovary, pancreas, prostate, kidneys, thyroid, and lung. Meningioma and multiple myeloma are also discussed.
Highlights
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer in industrialized countries1
It is estimated that more than half of all newly diagnosed endometrial cancers are associated with obesity, and this relationship is strongest in postmenopausal patients
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow (Rajkumar et al, 2014). It is usually preceded by a premalignant state - monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (Weiss et al, 2009)
Summary
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer in industrialized countries. Most cancers of the uterus (83%) are endometrioid carcinomas (Mahdy et al, 2021). Endometrial cancer risk has a strong correlation with obesity (Zhang et al, 2014). It is estimated that more than half of all newly diagnosed endometrial cancers are associated with obesity, and this relationship is strongest in postmenopausal patients. In a cohort study of 33, 436 postmenopausal patients, McCullugh et al reported that there was a more than fourfold increase in the risk of developing endometrioid adenocarcinoma compared to normal weight patients (McCullough et al, 2008). It has been calculated that there is a 50% risk increase per 5 increases in BMI units in postmenopausal endometrioid adenocarcinoma (Onstad et al, 2016). Obesity may increase the risk of premenopausal endometrial cancer (Wise et al, 2016). Cancer-specific mortality increases as the BMI increases - it is more than twice as high for patients with a BMI between 30 and 34.9, almost six times higher in patients with a BMI of >40 kg/m2 (Calle et al, 2003)
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