Abstract
Cancer is a lethal disease and a strong barrier to a better life expectancy. It is the first or second leading cause of death before the age of 70 years in 112 of 183 countries. Its incidence and mortality continue to grow rapidly all over the world. This manuscript is divided into four parts. Part I discusses obesity while Part II discusses the relationship between obesity and cancer. Part III and Part IV review the association of obesity on fifteen common cancers.
Highlights
An excessive food intake or insufficient physical activity causes obesity (Galgani et al, 2008)
Obesity is an expansion of the adipose tissue due to hypertrophy of pre-existing adipocytes or recruitment of adipocyte precursors (Jo et al, 2009)
Obesity is increasing in the younger population (Onywera, 2010; www.who.int; UNICEF, 2020; Danquah et al, 2020)
Summary
Vol 3, No 1; 2021 the Eastern Mediterranean Region, the prevalence of obesity registered an increase from 15.1% in 1980 to 20.7% in 2015 (GBD, 2015). India, Pakistan, and Indonesia are in the top 10 countries with the highest populations of obesity in the world (Ng et al, 2014). Adult obesity has been increasing at an alarming rate among African countries (Swinburn et al, 2011). Obesity is increasing in the younger population (Onywera, 2010; www.who.int; UNICEF, 2020; Danquah et al, 2020). UNICEF estimates that in the pediatric and adolescent population, the prevalence rate of obesity has reached 21.4% (UNICEF 2021). In the US, the prevalence of obesity was 19.3% for children and adolescents aged 2-19 years in the years 2017-2018, and 13.4% among 2- to 5-year-olds (CDC, 2021). The global costs are much higher (Withrow & Alter, 2011)
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