Need for Safety in Different Social and Economic Groups

Abstract

Over the past decades the psychological science has substantially increased interest to the issues of secure human existence. A necessity to look anew at the world and the place of a man in it forces researchers to seek new ways of thinking and solving ancient philosophical problems. The vector of social cognition is moving toward the phenomena related to the prevention of everyday life threats, and psychological and social security.The need for security is one of anthropological symbols of human existence.It is emerging along with the appearance of the human being and accompanies him/her throughout the entire human history. Ensuring security is a social experience, which is one of the most important for human beings. Ability to prevent threats, to form a security strategy is an indicator of social and cultural development of society, which indicates the humane nature of its political and ideological focus.The idea of security reflects complicated processes in the collective unconscious of ethnic groups and in the structure of their archetypes.The level of security is a specific indicator of the state of society, its beliefs about what is dangerous and what is safe, it reveals self-reflected society and its dominating values (Mozdakov, 2008).According to F. Ewald, in human society security is raised to the level of the basic values. Modern society raises both security and insecurity (Ewald, 1989, p. 393).The need for security is one of the basic (Maslow, 2001) motivational mechanisms of human life inasmuch as of any other living creatures.The evolution of humans has revealed a number of regularities by which the security function is characterized (Rodachin, 2004):* social progress does not eliminate or preclude the danger to people individuals, society and state;* increase of man's power over nature is accompanied by an increase in the scale of threats to humanity;* the extent of differentiation of society and the complexity of its organization influences the expanding range of social risks;* social threats are not fixed and are modified with the development of society;* security is an essential attribute of complex social systems and institutions;* underestimation or disregard of safety issues at all levels of social organization do not only cause losses, but eventually, inevitably leads to a decrease in viability (competitiveness), and even death of its corresponding units (entities).Thus, security is a complex phenomenon. It is multidimensional and multifaceted by its structure, components and manifestations, and it reflects the conflicting interests in the relations of various social actors.The need for security is the most important for a person whose satisfaction is a prerequisite for a normal existence and development, and implemented in the community through specific organizational forms, stable structures of social interaction, joint ventures, transforming into a system of interconnected personal and group interests and ways of achieving them.Therefore, a human person wants to feel his/her connection with the surrounding world and with other people. They want to belong to a social group or a public structure. The need for security determines the desire of a person to be protected from destructive influences, providing internal resistance to these influences. The need for security is closely connected with feelings of psychological security, stability and confidence that a person feels relevantly.In the analysis carried out the most essential needs are combined into one group, which is the need for security, and includes the following aspects:* stability need;* need for law and order;* need for events predictability;* need for stable and regularly paid job;* need to be loved and desired;* need to be protected from dangers of the hostile world;* need for protection against real-life emergencies. …