Abstract
Moral philosophy continues to be enriched by an ongoing empirical turn, mainly through contributions from neuroscience, biology, and psychology. Thus far, cultural anthropology has largely been missing. A recent and rapidly growing ‘ethical turn’ within cultural anthropology now explicitly and systematically studies morality. This research report aims to introduce to an audience in moral philosophy several notable works within the ethical turn. It does so by critically discussing the ethical turn’s contributions to four topics: the definition of morality, the nature of moral change and progress, the truth of moral relativism, and attempts to debunk morality. The ethical turn uncovers a richer picture of moral phenomena on the intersubjective level, one akin to a virtue theoretic focus on moral character, with striking similarities of moral phenomena across cultures. Perennial debates are not settled but the ethical turn strengthens moral philosophy’s empirical turn and it rewards serious attention from philosophers.
Highlights
What is does not imply what ought to be
Moral philosophy continues to be enriched by an ongoing empirical turn, mainly through contributions from neuroscience, biology, and psychology
This research report aims to introduce to an audience in moral philosophy several notable works within the ethical turn
Summary
What is does not imply what ought to be. Social norms might create gender inequalities, but, it does not follow that we should accept these norms. It turns out that until recently few cultural anthropologists have explicitly and systematically taken the ethnographic stance on morality.. Many cultural anthropologists have taken what they claim is an “ethical turn” and begun to explicitly focus their research on ethics and morality (Lambek 2010a).4 They found that normative questions are “hardly confined to the grave debates of. As Doris and Plakias (2008) noted before the ethical turn: one source of difficulty [with using anthropological data in moral philosophy] is a shortage of philosophically relevant details in the empirical record: Ethnographers [...] don’t always ask the questions philosophers want answered. I focus on cultural anthropology because this is the field where the ethical turn has taken place and because it has not received much attention in recent moral philosophy.
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