Abstract
In rock engineering projects, statically determined parameters are more reflective of actual load conditions than dynamic parameters. This study reports a new and efficient approach to the formulation of the static modulus of elasticityEsapplying gene expression programming (GEP) with nondestructive testing (NDT) methods. The results obtained using GEP are compared with the results of multivariable linear regression analysis (MRA), univariate nonlinear regression analysis (URA), and the dynamic elasticity modulus (Ed). The GEP model was found to produce the most accurate calculation ofEs. The proposed approach is a simple, nondestructive, and practical way to determineEsfor anisotropic and heterogeneous rocks.
Highlights
Strength and deformation features play an important role in the design of rock structures [1]
The present study mainly aimed to investigate the use of gene expression programming (GEP) in predicting elasticity modulus (Es) for rock materials
This study is supposed to find out possible the pertinence of GEP, multivariable linear regression analysis (MRA), and univariate nonlinear regression analysis (URA) in predicting the Es value of rocks, which has great significance in rock mechanics and foundation engineering
Summary
Strength and deformation features play an important role in the design of rock structures [1]. The elasticity modulus is an important parameter in understanding stress-strain behaviour and is one of the most mechanical characteristics of rocks in regarding their using area [2]. This parameter is decisive in tunnel project, rock destruction and drilling, slope consistency, pillar configuration, embankments, and many other civil and mining applications [3]. It has been used extensively for the analysis of structural deformations, creep, shrinkage, crack control, and so forth [4,5,6]. The dynamic elasticity modulus (Ed) can be determined from compression (Vp) and shear (Vs) wave velocities, and knowledge of the rock density (ρ) is based essentially on rapidly applied nondestructive loads; in many cases this requires simple and easy operations
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