Migration of antibiotics residual quantities in aquatic ecosystems

V M Voitsitskiy,O Yu Kepple,L V Shevchenko,V V Danchuk,S Vu Midyk,Z V Danchuk

doi:10.15421/2019_91

Abstract

The uncontrolled antimicrobial agents use leads to the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic strains. The ingress of antibacterial drugs into surface water through sewage from livestock premises, people's houses, hospitals and during medical and agronomic activities exacerbates this problem. Antimicrobials in surface waters have several ways of developing the process: lethal interaction of antibiotics with hydrobionts, elimination of sensitive taxa and alteration of trophic chains; neutralization of antimicrobials (self-destruction of the molecule, hydrolysis, sorption, abiotic and biotic transformation); non-lethal interaction of antibiotics and hydrobionts with the acquisition of antibiotic resistance signs). There are following indicators proposed to predict the antimicrobial agents impact on the aquatic ecosystem: accumulation factor; the amount of substance per unit mass of plant or animal in one cubic meter of water (mg or mcg per 1m3); the maximum amount of a substance that can be contained in an ecosystem without disturbing its basic trophic properties. The basic principles of a dynamic chamber model construction for studying the effect of antibiotics on the ecosystem are based on the following basic statements: 1) the trophic chain is divided into the chambers in which substance is instantaneously mixed in all parts of the chamber in the same way in any direction; 2) the transfer of the substance from one chamber to another occurs according to the laws of first order kinetics, which is described by the system of differential equations. In this case, transition coefficients of a substance between the chambers are constant. It is advisable to use a dynamic chamber model to analyze the migration pathways of substances in a freshwater non-flowing reservoir. For instance, its simplified version consists of the 3 chambers, namely: water – sediments (silt) – biota. It is advisable to use a stationary chamber model for analysing the pathways of antibiotics which enter into the sea with the river flows.

Highlights

Surface water biodiversity is one of the most important environmental indicators
This problem is inherent in all countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) is coordinating the states efforts to combat the antibiotics spreading in ecosystems and the acquisition of antibiotic resistance by pathogenic microorganisms (Sharma et al, 2018; Ushkalov & Danchuk, 2017)
The use of feed antibiotics in aquaculture to stimulate the productivity of fish, crustaceans and mollusks, or for therapeutic and preventive purposes contributes to the spread of antibiotics in the aquatic environment (Schafhauser et al, 2018)

Summary

Introduction

Surface water biodiversity is one of the most important environmental indicators It subjects to some seasonal changes throughout the year, but an increasing anthropogenic burden on the environment and climate change brings its own significant adjustments. This is primarily due to the fish, birds and micro-organisms migration and the entry of field washes on the reservoirs surface, production wastes, raw sewage, human and animal life, etc. (Hobson et al, 2019; Pruden et al, 2013; Nellums et al, 2018; Sun et al, 2019; Fang et al, 2018) Pesticides, including those with antimicrobial properties, should only be transported by specialized land and water vehicles. The main objective of this work is to analyze the main routes of entry of compounds with antimicrobial activity into surface waters and offer a convenient model for assessing the migration of aquatic antibiotics in an ecosystem

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Conclusion