METHODS OF TILLAGE INCREASING THE YIELD OF REED HAYFIELDS

Abstract

In Kazakhstan, there is a large disproportion between the areas of pastures and hayfields. Currently, there are only 5.8 million hectares of hayfields, which is only 3% of the total area of natural lands, or for every 30.1 hectares of pastures there is only 1 hectare of hayfields. This makes it necessary to mow 12-15 million hectares of pastures for hay production, and in dry years up to 25 million hectares. In some regions of the republic, there is a shortage of winter feed for public livestock every year. The yield of natural lands is low: hayfields - 5 - 7 c/ha, mown pastures - 1.5 - 3.0 c/ha of hay. This is especially noticeable in the dry steppe zone of the Kyzylorda region. According to the Kazgiprozem Institute, in Kazakhstan there are about 10% of downed pastures, and on 50% of the pasture area, fodder vegetation is degraded. The productivity of flooded meadows in the republic is still not high. In its natural state, it does not exceed 10 - 14 centners of hay per hectare. Meanwhile, by purposefully improving natural meadows, productivity can be increased several times. One of the important reserves for increasing the production of forage, especially on the saline soils of the Aral Sea region, is the study of the potentials of the reed plant and the development of rational methods of use in ecologically unfavorable conditions of the region.