Abstract

Resumo A aviacao comercial brasileira vem sendo intensamente discutida nos ultimos tempos, sobretudo no que diz respeito a questoes de congestionamento e gargalos de infraestrutura. Um dos fatores estruturais, que vem sendo apontado como potencialmente indutor dos problemas observados atualmente no setor, e o aumento da concentracao da rede das companhias aereas em detrimento da cobertura ao longo do territorio nacional. O presente trabalho visa estudar este grau de concentracao ou “hubinizacao” da malha aeroviaria brasileira, por meio da modelagem de indicadores baseados no chamado Indice de Herfindhal-Hirschman (HHI). Foi desenvolvido um conjunto de limites teoricos referentes a tipos alternativos de estrutura de rede – ponto-a-ponto versus hub-and-spoke – de forma a se propiciar uma metodologia de identificacao de possiveis aeroportos hubs, que seja mais apropriada a realidade do transporte aereo nacional do que a tradicional abordagem da Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Adicionalmente, foi promovida uma analise comparativa dos resultados obtidos a partir das diferentes abordagens, contrastando-os com resultados de um levantamento efetuado junto a um painel de especialistas. Os resultados finais apontam para um melhor desempenho da modelagem proposta, em contraposicao aos indicadores sugeridos pela FAA. Abstract The Brazilian commercial aviation industry has been intensively debated in recent years, especially regarding congestion and infrastructure bottlenecks. One of the structural factors that have been identified as potential inducers of the problems currently observed in the industry is increasing the concentration of the network of airlines at the expense of coverage throughout the national territory. The present work aims to study this degree of concentration in Brazil, through the modeling of indicators based on the Herfindhal Hirschman Index (HHI). We developed a set of theoretical bounds concerning alternative types of network structure - point-to-point versus hub-and-spoke - in order to provide a methodology to identify possible airports hubs. This methodology is most appropriate to the reality of the Brazilian case than the traditional approach of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Additionally, we promoted a comparative analysis of results from different approaches, contrasting them with the results of a survey conducted by a panel of experts. The final results show a better performance of the modeling proposed here, in contrast to the indicators suggested by the FAA.

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