Abstract
Antrodia camphorata (AC) is a precious medicinal mushroom native to Taiwan and famous for its excellent pharmacological activity. A ball mill assisted mechanochemical extraction method was applied in the extraction of triterpenoids from Antrodia camphorata. Compared with the ethanol hot thermal reflux method, mechanochemical-assisted extraction afforded an increased yield of triterpenoids to 1.82 ± 0.04% under conditions of mixing with 10 WT% NaHCO3, milling for 20 min, and extracting with water and chloroform. Triterpenoids from Antrodia camphorata extracted by the mechanochemical-assisted extraction method (TAEM) resulted in stronger pharmacological activity as compared to that extracted by ethanol (TAEE). HPLC and LC-MS/MS results showed that the mechanochemical method could extract triterpenoids which were barely extracted by ethanol extraction. The results of this study could provide valuable ideas and a basis for the application of the mechanochemical-assisted extraction method in the extraction of triterpenoids from AC.
Highlights
Antrodia camphorata (AC) is a medicinal fungus, a fungus of the genus Antrodia of the Fomitopsidaceae family, which is only native to Taiwan and has been used for treatment of liver cancer for many years [1]
We aim to prove mechanochemical-assisted extraction method can achieve a higher yield and maintain the initial activity of triterpenoids in AC, as compared with the traditional ethanol thermal reflux extraction method
Triterpenoids in Antrodia camphorata have always been a focus of research, and are the most bioactive components in AC [19]
Summary
Antrodia camphorata (AC) is a medicinal fungus, a fungus of the genus Antrodia of the Fomitopsidaceae family, which is only native to Taiwan and has been used for treatment of liver cancer for many years [1]. There are abundant pharmacologically active ingredients in AC, and more than 80 components have been isolated and identified, including triterpenoids, polysaccharides, adenosine, superoxide dismutase (SOD), benzenoids, benzoquinones and maleic/succinic acid derivatives. Triterpenoids are the main active components of AC fruiting bodies, and they are similar in structure [2]. At present, increasing attention has been paid to the research on their pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunomodulation properties, etc., [5,6]. The mechanochemical-assisted extraction method (MAEM) is an innovative extraction technology, which has been widely used in the extraction of bioactive substances in recent years [7,8,9]. The extraction of the bioactive substances from herbal medicine is mainly based on traditional
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