Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large family of small non-coding RNAs which regulate gene expression at the surface following transcription. They are widely involved in many physiological and pathological processes including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is an endocrine disorder in women. Currently, there is no comprehensive information about the role of miRNAs in PCOS. Thus, this paper has attempted to collate studies on miRNAs in order to determine important changes in their miRNA expression profile in the total blood, serum, plasma, follicular fluid, and granulosa cells in PCOS patients alongside the genes which are targeted for regulation by these miRNAs. This study presents a new approach for using miRNAs and their target genes for diagnosing and treating PCOS.
Highlights
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common heterogeneous endocrine disorder in women during reproductive ages
In general, a close association was observed between the PCOS and many diseases including diabetes, complicating its treatment
Previous studies on miRNAs mostly addressed tissue or cell culture while recent studies have mainly focused on serum samples because the serum miRNA profile may have the potential for providing a good noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of PCOS or the possibility of the incidence of its associated diseases
Summary
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common heterogeneous endocrine disorder in women during reproductive ages. Different studies have reported contradictory results on miRNAs in various samples of blood, plasma, serum, ovaries, and to the same extent, in different ovarian components including follicular fluid, granulosa cells, blastocyte, and oocyte [15,16,17,18]. MiR-222, which was largely expressed in the follicular liquid and serum of PCOS patients [23], is an estrogen receptor regulator 1 [24].
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