Main Scientific Principles of a Systematic Approach to the Determination of Negative Factors Affecting Urban Environment

Abstract

Introduction. With the modern active development of urban areas, the problems in the field of environmental safety are becoming increasingly relevant. These problems cannot be solved without an in-depth analysis of the factors that disrupt the ecological balance and cause negative consequences for the components of the environment. At the same time, construction industry is one of the main elements of human economic activity that forms technogenic loads. This is due, among other things, to the fact that, unlike some other areas, the pace of construction work has increased significantly over the past year. So, as of March 2023, 2,460 developer organizations were registered in the Russian Federation, which was 14 % more than in the previous period, that is, the speed and scale of construction work most of all affect the population of cities from a socio-economic point of view. At the same time, we should not forget about the environmental side of the issue. Many years of research in this area has shown the lack of a structured approach to assessing the environmental safety of urban areas, including the selection of an optimal list of environmental measures. At the same time, scientific approaches based on the ecological characteristics of the totality of natural conditions, determining the maximum permissible anthropogenic loads, identifying environmentally significant environmental parameters, such as the amount of oxygen in the atmospheric air or the availability of natural water resources, require significant time and labor costs, and also, as a rule, are not tied to specific objects of the urban environment. However, urban planning spaces, depending on their functional purpose, contain typical anthropogenic objects, among which capital construction and landscaping facilities predominate. The nature of the negative impact on the environment from such facilities is obviously also typical. In this regard, the aim of the study was to systematize and unify numerous negative factors affecting the territory of a particular object of capital construction and landscaping, depending on the functional purpose of the territory and the types of objects located on it. The authors propose to perform such transformations automatically within the framework of the developed online platform. Materials and Methods. To assess the negative impact on the urban environment, it was proposed to use a methodological approach based on the concept of functional zoning of the territory. According to the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, each functional zone is characterized by the presence of certain capital construction and landscaping facilities. To achieve this goal, we used methods of comparative and system analysis and generalization. Thus, the results were obtained and systematized in the work, which showed the similarity of the nature of the negative impact from the same types of capital construction and landscaping facilities. Results. The assessment of the negative impact of capital construction and landscaping facilities on the environment was part of the research work prepared within the framework of the state program "Priority 2030". A systematic approach in analytical studies of negative factors of urban environment will allow structuring information, significantly speeding up its analysis and making appropriate decisions due to the relationships we have established between the parameters of negative factors, types of objects and functional zones in which they were located. The proposed approach was implemented within the framework of the online platform developed by the authors. At the same time, the main principle that guided us was quick access to the task of ensuring environmental safety of the territory due to accelerated automated assessment of negative factors from a given capital construction object or urban improvement. Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained research results, which include the systematization of negative environmental impact factors on the territories of capital construction and landscaping facilities, depending on the functional zones of their location, are the basis for further development of methods for ensuring environmental safety of the urban environment. The fullest possible identification of all environmentally hazardous factors will ensure an effective assessment of the negative impact on the environment of capital construction projects and urban improvement.