Abstract
Lower order modelling of uncertain bounded systems is presented in this paper using amplitude matching and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) with Constriction Factor (CF). The amplitude matching technique ensures to retain the stability and dynamics of the original higher-order systems. The proposed optimization algorithm for minimum Integral Square Error (ISE) approximates the model so that the responses match closely. The results are validated by comparing the ISE values of existing models. The presented technique is applicable for both Linear Time Invariant Continuous Systems (LTICS) and Linear Time Invariant Discrete Systems (LTIDS) without any need for tedious calculation of domain transformation.
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