Abstract
Abstract Bolted connections are the most common method of joining thin-walled galvanized sheets on site. Small diameter bolts (M8, M10 or M12) and the corresponding nuts are used for this purpose. Washers should be provided both under the heads of the bolts and the nuts in case of a single shear connection with one row of bolts, according to the standard BDS EN 1993-1-8. I.e. it is unnecessary to place washers under the bolt head in case of two or more rows of bolts. In laboratory tests of bolted connections with two rows of bolts without washers under the nuts, is accounted bearing capacity lower than the theoretically determined one. The initial explanation is that the lack of flat washers results in high bolt rotations and hence reduced load resistance. To verify this seemingly logical explanation, the authors has conducted series of finite element analyses (FEA) on connections with two rows of bolts. It turned out that this was not the reason for the reduced bearing resistance. The presence of washers under the bolt head and the nut had a negligible effect.
Published Version
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