Abstract
Hypertension is a silent killer because many sufferers do not show symptoms before reaching severe conditions and even complications to death. This review article aims to analyze the use of herbal ingredients in the treatment of hypertension. Quercetin and sterols act as anti-hypertension in the RAAS as ACEIs so that angiotensin 1 cannot be converted into angiotensin 2, which has various effects that can increase blood pressure. Flavonoids (beta-blockers) can reduce cardiac output, resulting in blood pressure. Allicin, Ginsenoside, and anthocyanin compounds exhibit vasodilating effects with an endo-intact mechanism involving nitric oxide (NO). Increased production and release of NO can cause relaxation resulting in vasodilation. And the endo-denuded effect on vascular smooth muscle. Angiotensin 2 binds to the AT1 receptor in vascular smooth muscle, and it causes vasoconstriction. This anti-hypertensive is found in Allium sativum, Moringa oleivera, Apium graveolens, Annona muricata, Andrographis paniculata, Alstonia scolaris, Panax ginseng, Phoenix sylvestris, Piper nigrum, and Hibiscus sabdariffa.
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