Abstract
Cancer grades among the deadliest diseases, globally causing the death of a over million people each year. Early diagnosis has been considered ideal for efficient treatment as during later stages chances of treatment become limited. However, gold standard tissue biopsy has various limitation for instance, late-stage diagnosis and its intrusive operation making it unfit for repeated sampling. Scientists are passionately looking for new technologies and techniques for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Liquid biopsy has emerged as new diagnostic and prognostic tool for cancer, that relies on body fluids to identify biomarkers for cancer. It offers advantages like non-invasive operation, timely detection, amenable to repeated sampling, and covers the tumor heterogeneity. Wide attention has been garnered by liquid biopsy and is undergoing rapid progress in the list of target biomarkers. The most common are circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, tumor educated platelets, and non-coding RNAs (miRNA, lncRNA etc.). Each of these biomarkers have unique advantages, making liquid biopsy indeed a technology of future for cancer diagnosis with clinical utility. In this article, we tried to provide a thorough introduction of liquid biopsy and its markers, highlighted the common biomarkers that are deployed in liquid biopsy, briefly overview their implications as indispensable diagnostic and prognostic entities for the diverse types of cancer. Moreover, discussed future prospects of this revolutionary technology in the realm of cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Published Version
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