Abstract
In this paper, we present Low-Bandwidth Distributed Applications Framework (LDAF)—an application-aware gateway for communication-constrained Internet of things (IoT) devices. A modular approach facilitates connecting to existing cloud backend servers and managing message formats and APIs’ native application logic to meet the communication constraints of resource-limited end devices. We investigated options for positioning the LDAF server in fog computing architectures. We demonstrated the approach in three use cases: (i) a simple domain name system (DNS) query from the device to a DNS server, (ii) a complex interaction of a blockchain—based IoT device with a blockchain network, and (iii) difference based patching of binary (system) files at the IoT end devices. In a blockchain smart meter use case we effectively enabled decentralized applications (DApp) for devices that without our solution could not participate in a blockchain network. Employing the more efficient binary content encoding, we reduced the periodic traffic from 16 kB/s to ~1.1 kB/s, i.e., 7% of the initial traffic. With additional optimization of the application protocol in the gateway and message filtering, the periodic traffic was reduced to ~1% of the initial traffic, without any tradeoffs in the application’s functionality or security. Using a function of binary difference we managed to reduce the size of the communication traffic to the end device, at least when the binary patch was smaller than the patching file.
Highlights
The Internet of things (IoT) has become an enabling infrastructure for a wide range of novel applications
In the blockchain-related use case we effectively enabled decentralized applications (DApp) for the devices that without our solution could not participate in a blockchain network
We set-up and executed a decentralized application use case with blockchain-enabled IoT devices, where the Low-Bandwidth Distributed Applications Framework (LDAF) gateway was applied and adapted to the application’s operation, to reduce the size and number of messages needed for the IoT application
Summary
The Internet of things (IoT) has become an enabling infrastructure for a wide range of novel applications. Storage, networking, and control in modern information and communication systems can be allocated at various points in the system to meet the requirements of emerging applications and challenges imposed by the IoT [14] These can be stringent latency requirements, network bandwidth constraints, and resource constraints of end devices, intermittent connectivity, or security. Designed and implemented an application-aware gateway, LDAF, which can be a part of a fog computing architecture It enables fog data services for reduction of communication traffic of bandwidth constrained IoT devices to connect them to arbitrary cloud APIs. We set-up and executed a decentralized application use case with blockchain-enabled IoT devices, where the LDAF gateway was applied and adapted to the application’s operation, to reduce the size and number of messages needed for the IoT application.
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