Kampanye dan Akses Media Terhadap Kebijakan Energi Baru dan Terbarukan dalam Perspektif Mahasiswa Di Sumatera Utara

The development of renewable energy in Indonesia is still in a relatively fledgling state, yet it is forecast to increase. The Government of Indonesia has formulated and implemented several strategic programs, compiled under several binding frameworks, namely the National Energy Policy and the General Plan for National Energy. The government is committed internationally to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions as part of its Nationally Determined Contributions. However, unearthing the dynamics of renewable and sustainable energy in Indonesia requires a detailed stakeholder analysis of all relevant and major actors. This paper aims to provide a stakeholder analysis of actors in the renewable and sustainable energy sector in Indonesia as a whole, using a Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental (PESTLE) analysis methodology. The results have indicated that existing policies are not yet perfect, given that the renewable energy industry is still quite minimal, especially in the current conditions of falling oil prices. In the future, it is hoped that the government can formulate a breakthrough policy to improve existing policies in the renewable energy sector, such as by giving ease to investors in the renewable energy sector, including the effective and efficient supply chain management of renewable energy.

Abundant potential of renewable energy (RE) in Indonesia is predicted to replace conventional energy which continues to experience depletion year by year. However, until now, the use of RE has only reached 2% of the existing potential of 441.7 GW. The main overview of this work is to investigate the availability of RE that can be utilized for electricity generation in Indonesia. National energy demand and targets in the long run during the 2017–2050 period are also discussed. Besides, government policies in supporting RE development are considered in this work. The results show that the potential of RE in Indonesia can be utilized and might replace conventional energy for decades. The use of RE for electricity generation can be achieved by employing a government policy that supports the investor as the executor of RE development. The selling price of electricity generated from RE is cheaper than electricity generated from fossils; this makes economy is more affordable for people. Finally, the target set by the government for utilizing RE as the main energy in Indonesia can be done by implementing several policies for the RE development. Thus, greenhouse gas emissions and the use of petroleum fuels can be reduced.

The facts of increasing use and decreasing fossil energy have made many people think of using renewable energy. Mindset change and dependence on fossil energy can be rectified through education. Renewable energy education is needed to increase student’s knowledge and awareness. There are only 12 vocational high schools (VHSs) based on renewable energy in Indonesia. This number is not in line with the government’s efforts to revitalize vocational schools toward a sustainable energy state in the future. This article features the knowledge and awareness of vocational students on renewable energy in Indonesia. Data were obtained from 1,250 respondents from 88 VHSs and 27 provinces in Indonesia. Knowledge and awareness level of school students in Indonesia VHSs is discussed in depth based on variables such as gender, parents, island, public school and private school, and areas of expertise at VHS. Respondents filled out questionnaires through a web survey. A descriptive analysis was performed based on the data. National coverage of data related to the vocational student’s knowledge and awareness of renewable energy is the novelty of this article. The results show that VHS students already have a knowledge level in the “good” category for renewable energy and have an awareness level in the “fair” category. Detailed analysis on the reasons is performed as well as solution is offered in this article.

This article discusses the role of MNCs in the application of renewable energy in Indonesia. The pressing issue with renewable energy in Indonesia is the critical need for more funding to realize renewable energy programs to achieve SDG targets. Many MNCs invest in the renewable energy sector in Indonesia, such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, and others. The SDGs concept is used in this research by looking at the application aspect, its effect on the economy, and MNC involvement in renewable energy in Indonesia. This research aims to accelerate the application of renewable energy in Indonesia by supporting all stakeholders in focusing on the application of renewable energy for shared economic growth.

Background: Indonesia's energy transition is driven by increasing energy demands, economic growth, and the urgent need to mitigate climate change. Despite being endowed with abundant renewable energy resources, the country faces significant challenges in shifting from a fossil-fuel-dominated energy mix to a more sustainable one. While Indonesia has vast potential in solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal, and ocean energy, the adoption of renewable energy remains limited. This paper seeks to understand the barriers hindering renewable energy development in Indonesia and identify opportunities to accelerate the transition. Methods: This study uses Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with the PRISMA protocol to analyze renewable energy in Indonesia, using sources from Google Scholar and Science Direct. Literature selection based on relevance, quality, and recency, resulted in 37 publications that were analyzed narratively to identify challenges, developments, and potential of renewable energy in Indonesia. Findings: The results reveal that Indonesia’s renewable energy utilization is significantly below its potential, contributing less than 10% to the energy mix. Major barriers include economic feasibility concerns, regulatory and policy inconsistencies, insufficient financial and technical support, and a heavy reliance on coal. Additionally, the study highlights substantial renewable energy resources available, such as the 443 GW potential from various sources, which remain largely untapped. Conclusion: Achieving Indonesia's renewable energy targets requires addressing these barriers through clear and consistent policies, improved regulatory frameworks, and enhanced financial and technical support. The study suggests leveraging the country’s geographical advantages and diverse renewable resources to significantly contribute to a sustainable energy future. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of Indonesia’s renewable energy challenges and opportunities using a systematic approach. By quantifying the untapped 443 GW potential and identifying specific barriers, it offers insights into strategic policy measures and investment directions to accelerate the country’s transition to sustainable energy.

The amount of unstructured data is increasing annually, which is promising forgaining insights. Twitter, a platform producing unstructured data, is currently one of the mostpopular media platforms used for conducting research on a topic's trend. This study attempts toanalyze the topic of New and Renewable Energy (NRE) in Indonesia. The purpose of this studyis to gain insights into the NRE topic trend over the last ten years by modeling the topicsdiscussed on Twitter and examining the location distribution of users who post tweets about thetopic. Accordingly, this study employed descriptive analysis, geocoding analysis, and topicmodeling. The results of descriptive analysis show that the development of NRE has acceleratedin recent years, particularly in 2021. Geocoding analysis reveals that the distribution of peoplewho engage in NRE posting activities is dominated by DKI Jakarta province. Topic modelingyielding two topics that were discussed the most by Indonesians over a 10-year period. The twotopics are related to government policies that support the development of NRE and electricity,which is Indonesia's focus in NRE. This study highlights the importance of analyzing theTweetology of NRE.

The current use of fossil fuels has a significant impact on increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Subsequently, renewable energy is significantly needed to reduce GHG, thereby limiting the impact of extreme weather and climate while ensuring reliable, timely, and cost-effective supply. As a big country with a huge amount natural resource, the demand for renewable energy in Indonesia has increased along with the rise in consumption. Following this, energy consumption increased by 0.99%, which was approximately 939.100 million BOE in 2021 for biogas, oil, electricity, natural gas, coal, LPG, biodiesel, and biomass. Energy consumption in several sectors including transportation has the largest energy consumption with approximately 45.76% of oil. In industries and households sector, the consumption rates are 31.11% for boiler steam generation purposes and 16.89% for electricity as well as LPG. Furthermore, the commercial sector consumes 4.97% of energy for lighting and air conditioning, while the remaining 1.27% is used for other sectors. Meanwhile, Indonesia has high potential for renewable energy at 419 GW including 75 GW of hydro energy, 23.7 GW of geothermal, 32.6 GW of bioenergy, 207.8 GW of solar, 60.6 GW of wind, and 19.3 GW of micro-hydro. Therefore, the main focus of this paper is to provide a detailed analysis of the current status, prospects, and information on Indonesia’s renewable and sustainable energy sources. Furthermore, the novelty of this research entails updating the latest data related to renewable energy and its availability in Indonesia. The essence is to portray a picture of its potential development in the future.

COVID-19 has disrupted all aspects of human life. To mitigate the impact of the pandemic, several efforts have been taken, including by Indonesian scholars abroad. This book entitled Indonesia Post-Pandemic Recovery Outlook: Strategy towards Net-Zero Emissions by 2060 from the Renewables and Carbon-Neutral Energy Perspectives explores energy sustainability and climate change issues and how it can progress further. There are also discussion on the delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to a few major renewable energy projects that should have been done in 2020-2021. Comprising of 14 chapters, this book is divided into three sections. The first part, Indonesia's Current Position and Strategy for Renewable Energy, explores Indonesia's current position and strategy on New and Renewable Energy. This chapter also explores Indonesia's commitment towards Net-Zero Carbon Emission 2060. Second, Carbon-Free and Renewable Energy in Indonesia, discusses the status of renewable energy use in the world, elaborate on the carbon impact of energy shift from fossil to renewable sources, and introduce a new criterion in renewable energy: carbon-neutral energy. The last part, Indonesia's New Strategy to Achieve Net-Zero Emission in 2060, explores the macroeconomic benefits of renewable and carbon-neutral energy deployment which are increasing energy security, fueling GDP development, creating job opportunities, enhancing human welfare, and achieving gender equality. We hope that this book can be a valuable reference for stakeholders, policymakers, as well as society to recover from the pandemic crisis and find better solutions to benefit future generations.

COVID-19 has disrupted all aspects of human life. To mitigate the impact of the pandemic, several efforts have been taken, including by Indonesian scholars abroad. This book entitled Indonesia Post-Pandemic Recovery Outlook: Strategy towards Net-Zero Emissions by 2060 from the Renewables and Carbon-Neutral Energy Perspectives explores energy sustainability and climate change issues and how it can progress further. There are also discussion on the delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to a few major renewable energy projects that should have been done in 2020-2021. Comprising of 14 chapters, this book is divided into three sections. The first part, Indonesia's Current Position and Strategy for Renewable Energy, explores Indonesia's current position and strategy on New and Renewable Energy. This chapter also explores Indonesia's commitment towards Net-Zero Carbon Emission 2060. Second, Carbon-Free and Renewable Energy in Indonesia, discusses the status of renewable energy use in the world, elaborate on the carbon impact of energy shift from fossil to renewable sources, and introduce a new criterion in renewable energy: carbon-neutral energy. The last part, Indonesia's New Strategy to Achieve Net-Zero Emission in 2060, explores the macroeconomic benefits of renewable and carbon-neutral energy deployment which are increasing energy security, fueling GDP development, creating job opportunities, enhancing human welfare, and achieving gender equality. We hope that this book can be a valuable reference for stakeholders, policymakers, as well as society to recover from the pandemic crisis and find better solutions to benefit future generations.

COVID-19 has disrupted all aspects of human life. To mitigate the impact of the pandemic, several efforts have been taken, including by Indonesian scholars abroad. This book entitled Indonesia Post-Pandemic Recovery Outlook: Strategy towards Net-Zero Emissions by 2060 from the Renewables and Carbon-Neutral Energy Perspectives explores energy sustainability and climate change issues and how it can progress further. There are also discussion on the delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to a few major renewable energy projects that should have been done in 2020-2021. Comprising of 14 chapters, this book is divided into three sections. The first part, Indonesia's Current Position and Strategy for Renewable Energy, explores Indonesia's current position and strategy on New and Renewable Energy. This chapter also explores Indonesia's commitment towards Net-Zero Carbon Emission 2060. Second, Carbon-Free and Renewable Energy in Indonesia, discusses the status of renewable energy use in the world, elaborate on the carbon impact of energy shift from fossil to renewable sources, and introduce a new criterion in renewable energy: carbon-neutral energy. The last part, Indonesia's New Strategy to Achieve Net-Zero Emission in 2060, explores the macroeconomic benefits of renewable and carbon-neutral energy deployment which are increasing energy security, fueling GDP development, creating job opportunities, enhancing human welfare, and achieving gender equality. We hope that this book can be a valuable reference for stakeholders, policymakers, as well as society to recover from the pandemic crisis and find better solutions to benefit future generations.

Indonesia's natural landscape of land and sea is a very abundant energy resource. Indonesia has enormous opportunities because of its gift of natural resources, which can be used as renewable energy sources. This study comes from secondary data to support arguments, and data collection uses library research by collecting material from books, journals, laws and regulations, and other literature. The data analysis technique uses descriptive language by describing the data, which is then analyzed to describe an explanation of the data. This research explains the potential of Indonesia's energy resources, especially renewable energy, and the politics of Indonesia's renewable energy policy, which targets an energy mix of 44% by 2030. This research concludes that renewable energy policy has obstacles, including weak control. Renewable energy resource exploration technology, expensive machines for exploring energy resources, and the formulation of laws related to new renewable energy have not yet become a priority.

COVID-19 has disrupted all aspects of human life. To mitigate the impact of the pandemic, several efforts have been taken, including by Indonesian scholars abroad. This book entitled Indonesia Post-Pandemic Recovery Outlook: Strategy towards Net-Zero Emissions by 2060 from the Renewables and Carbon-Neutral Energy Perspectives explores energy sustainability and climate change issues and how it can progress further. There are also discussion on the delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to a few major renewable energy projects that should have been done in 2020-2021. Comprising of 14 chapters, this book is divided into three sections. The first part, Indonesia's Current Position and Strategy for Renewable Energy, explores Indonesia's current position and strategy on New and Renewable Energy. This chapter also explores Indonesia's commitment towards Net-Zero Carbon Emission 2060. Second, Carbon-Free and Renewable Energy in Indonesia, discusses the status of renewable energy use in the world, elaborate on the carbon impact of energy shift from fossil to renewable sources, and introduce a new criterion in renewable energy: carbon-neutral energy. The last part, Indonesia's New Strategy to Achieve Net-Zero Emission in 2060, explores the macroeconomic benefits of renewable and carbon-neutral energy deployment which are increasing energy security, fueling GDP development, creating job opportunities, enhancing human welfare, and achieving gender equality. We hope that this book can be a valuable reference for stakeholders, policymakers, as well as society to recover from the pandemic crisis and find better solutions to benefit future generations.

This study aims to see how efforts to optimize renewable energy resources are seen in the energy transition in Indonesia. High fossil energy consumption is the primary driver of a country’s need for an energy transition. Renewable energy is important because it is a natural energy source that can be renewed freely and without limits. This research is qualitative and descriptive, with data sources from government reports, related articles, and various regulations on renewable energy. The results showed that the optimization of this energy is opposite from the massive potential of renewable energy in Indonesia. Indonesia’s primary energy sources are still dominated by fossil energy and impact various problems, especially the environment. The findings showed that energy must be converted into renewable energy. Policies that need to be aligned and fully aligned with energy transition efforts in Indonesia are obstacles to efforts to transition to renewable energy. The renewable energy policies developed thus far have been limited to concepts. However, action is still required in the energy transition, as evidenced by the policy content, particularly regarding funding and investment, which is less than 5 percent. Therefore, government involvement is required to accelerate the transition to renewable energy, particularly regarding policies and collaboration among actors.

The transition to renewable energy requires competent human resources (HR) to achieve national energy security. This study examines Indonesia's HR readiness for the energy transition through an integrated perspective on energy security and the defense science philosophy. This systematic literature review analyzed 15 high-quality sources (from 30 initially identified, 2020-2025) to examine human resources readiness for Indonesia's energy transition. Using a PRISMA-aligned methodology, 13 key studies (11 journal articles and two institutional reports) were selected for detailed analysis, with two additional sources supporting the development of the thematic framework. The analysis integrates perspectives on energy security, defense science, and defense anthropology to identify HR readiness challenges, with particular emphasis on regional disparities. Despite Indonesia's renewable energy target of 17%-19% for 2025 (revised from an initial target of 23%), current realization remains at only 13.1% (2024), revealing critical competency gaps in the human resources sector. Key findings include: Indonesia ranks sixth globally for energy-sector emissions (691.97 million tons of CO2 in 2022); significant geographic disparities exist, with Java having 204 educational institutions for energy training, compared to only 3 in remote provinces. Required competencies encompass multidisciplinary technical skills, adaptability to technology, and security-aware soft skills. Policy recommendations include energy security-based training programs, competency certification standards, the establishment of an HR energy security council, and the integration of defense anthropology principles into HR development. This research provides a strategic understanding of HR readiness requirements essential for supporting Indonesia's equitable energy transition toward sustainable national energy security.

Indonesia is still heavily dependent on fossil fuels, particularly coal and petroleum. With declining oil reserves, Indonesia is faced with an energy shortage by 2046, prompting the need for alternative solutions. However, suboptimal regulations can be an obstacle to the maximum utilization of renewable energy potential. Renewable energy is considered vital not only as an alternative to fossil energy but also as a strategic measure to maintain long-term energy supply security. Although Indonesia has large renewable energy potential, such as geothermal, wind, and solar, its utilization is still limited and not optimal. Regulations, including Presidential Regulation No. 112 of 2022, reflects the government's commitment to expand the use of renewable energy. This research uses a normative legal research method with a literature study approach. Secondary data used includes primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and non-legal materials. Data analysis is carried out qualitatively and presented descriptively. In the discussion, the article discusses the potential of renewable energy in Indonesia, involving resources such as water, solar, wind, geothermal, and bioenergy. Regulations related to renewable energy in Indonesia are explained, including Government Regulation No. 79/2014 on National Energy Policy. There is a strong commitment from various parties, such as Commission VII of the House of Representatives, to support the development of renewable energy. The important role of regulations and policies in supporting the development of renewable energy in Indonesia. This energy transition is key to protecting natural resources, improving general welfare, and educating the nation's life, according to the objectives of the State of Indonesia as stated in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution.