Abstract
Abundant potential of renewable energy (RE) in Indonesia is predicted to replace conventional energy which continues to experience depletion year by year. However, until now, the use of RE has only reached 2% of the existing potential of 441.7 GW. The main overview of this work is to investigate the availability of RE that can be utilized for electricity generation in Indonesia. National energy demand and targets in the long run during the 2017–2050 period are also discussed. Besides, government policies in supporting RE development are considered in this work. The results show that the potential of RE in Indonesia can be utilized and might replace conventional energy for decades. The use of RE for electricity generation can be achieved by employing a government policy that supports the investor as the executor of RE development. The selling price of electricity generated from RE is cheaper than electricity generated from fossils; this makes economy is more affordable for people. Finally, the target set by the government for utilizing RE as the main energy in Indonesia can be done by implementing several policies for the RE development. Thus, greenhouse gas emissions and the use of petroleum fuels can be reduced.
Highlights
Indonesia is one of the Southeast Asia countries and even in the world that has problems with the energy crisis
The literature analyzed in this review was obtained from various databases including Science Direct, There are 3 types of references used in the study, namely literature taken from academics, reports from industry, and documents about various policies
Investigation of the potential for renewable energy (RE) regarding the amount of utilization, energy demand, and the target of power plant construction during the period of 2017–2050 has been completed
Summary
Indonesia is one of the Southeast Asia countries and even in the world that has problems with the energy crisis. The number of Indonesia’s oil imports during the 2009–2019 period reached 49.1 million tons, with an average import of 3.6%/year (BPS 2019a). Based on the energy mix (EM), sustainable development (SD) and low carbon (LC) scenario show that Indonesia’s energy demand in 2025 will be 170.8, 154.7 and 150.1 MTOE, respectively. In 2050, Indonesia’s overall energy demand will reach 548.8, 481.1 and 424.2 MTOE (ESDM 2019). Total primary energy production consisting of petroleum, natural gas, coal, and other REs in 2018 reached 411.6 MTOE. 64% or 261.4 MTOE were exported mainly for coal and LNG. Final energy consumption in 2018 (without biomass) reached 114 MTOE consisting of transportation sector of 40%, industry of 36%, household of 16%, commercial of 6%, and other sectors of 2%
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