Abstract
Background: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) represents one of the most severe congenital cardiac malformations, characterized by underdevelopment of left-sided heart structures, necessitating a complex surgical and medical management strategy. Despite advancements in staged palliation and neonatal care, outcomes remain suboptimal for a significant subset of patients. Recent progress in molecular biology, regenerative medicine, and surgical innovations offers novel approaches that may transform the clinical trajectory of these patients. Objectives: This article explores emerging strategies for HLHS management, including stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, genomic medicine, hybrid procedures, and long-term monitoring protocols facilitated by artificial intelligence (AI). Methods: A comprehensive review of contemporary literature was conducted, focusing on the translational application of novel therapies and their integration into current staged palliation frameworks. Results: Early-stage studies demonstrate promise for stem cell therapies and myocardial regeneration in improving ventricular function. Advances in 3D printing and bioengineering have facilitated patient-specific surgical planning and the development of biocompatible grafts. Furthermore, AI-driven algorithms provide personalized risk assessment and optimized perioperative management strategies. Conclusions: The integration of multidisciplinary and translational approaches offers an opportunity to redefine HLHS management, potentially improving survival and quality of life for affected individuals. However, further clinical trials and international collaboration are essential to establish these novel therapies as standard of care.
Published Version
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