Abstract
The objective of this paper is to analyze the informal employment situation and the precariousness of female domestic workers in Santiago del Estero, Argentina. This is one of the most feminized activities in the Santiago labor market and the main one among female occupations in the Santiago del Estero-La Banda conglomerate.In that place about 25% of the women who work in the area focuses in this activity being one of the most informal in terms of regulation, registration to social security as well as income and permanence. The theoretical-methodological approach used gives us a variety of perspectives that we consider necessary for the treatment of the problem. That’s why we turn to theoretical visions that deal with studies of the subject under study, as well as those operational concepts on informality and job insecurity. Through a study composed of quantitative and qualitative approaches we propose to analyze socio-demographic, socio-occupational dimensions and the experiences and perceptions of the employees themselves from their testimonies. For this purpose, the data was obtained from the Permanent Household Survey of INDEC, as well as those obtained from interviews with employees and employers of the activity. This way of approaching the object led us to first characterize the labor market in Santiago del Estero from the point of view of the gender’s differences, then a specific characterization on the situation of the domestic service and its workers. Finally, an approximation to the ways in which these labor inequalities are maintained in terms of informality and job insecurity.
Highlights
Resumen: El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la situación de informalidad y precariedad laboral de las trabajadoras del servicio doméstico en Santiago del Estero, Argentina
In that place about 25% of the women who work in the area focuses in this activity being one of the most informal in terms of regulation, registration to social security as well as income and permanence
Through a study composed of quantitative and qualitative approaches we propose to analyse socio-demographic, socio-occupational dimensions and the experiences and perceptions of the employees themselves from their testimonies
Summary
Fuente: Elaboración propia en base a datos de la EPH-INDEC. IV trimestre de 2014. Estas seis actividades concentran casi el 80% del empleo en el conglomerado y confirma la caracterización de este como tradicional en términos económicos, con una baja industrialización y alta dependencia del sector de servicios. Si la baja industrialización es un rasgo distintivo del mercado de trabajo en provincias “atrasadas” en cuanto a la división social del trabajo, la segregación por géneros nos está hablando de una fuerte tradicionalidad en la división sexual del mismo. Este es seguido por la rama de actividad de Enseñanza con un 16,9%, las trabajadoras de la Administración pública y defensa o que perciban algún plan de seguro social con un 16,01% y el Comercio con el 15,41%. Más allá de la distinción, Arango nos demuestra que estas actividades son “propias” del género femenino dentro de la división sexual del trabajo. Cuadro 2: Principales actividades femeninas para el conglomerado Santiago del Estero –La Banda, año 2014
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