Abstract
The implant surface features affect the osseointegration process. Different surface treatment methods have been applied to improve the surface topography and properties. Trace of different elements may appear on the implant surface, which can modify surface properties and may affect the body’s response. The aim was to evaluate the roughness based on the surface treatment received and the amount and type of trace elements found. Ninety implants (nine different surface treatment) were evaluated. Roughness parameters were measured using white-light-interferometry (WLI). The arithmetical mean for Ra, Rq, Rt, and Rz of each implant system was calculated, and Fisher’s exact test was applied, obtaining Ra values between 0.79 and 2.89 µm. Surface chemical composition was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) at two times: as received by the manufacturer (AR) and after sputter-cleaning (SC). Traces of several elements were found in all groups, decreasing in favor of the Ti concentration after the sputter-cleaning. Within the limitations of this study, we can conclude that the surface treatment influences the roughness and the average percentage of the trace elements on the implant surface. The cleaning process at the implant surface should be improved by the manufacturer before assembling the implant.
Highlights
Implant surface characteristics have been shown to play an essential role in the osseointegration process [1]
Regarding the implant surface roughness, the osteoblast activity can be seen increased with micro-rough from 1 to 100 μm when it is compared to untreated or smooth surfaces [11]
The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the roughness created in different implant systems based on their surface treatment and the amount and type of trace elements found on their surface
Summary
Implant surface characteristics have been shown to play an essential role in the osseointegration process [1]. The attachment capability by human stromal cells to smooth titanium surface is low [8] and can lead to the formation of fibrous tissue layer between the implant and the surrounding bone [9]. To increase biocompatibility and cell viability, modifications affecting topography, roughness surface characteristics, and chemical surface composition must be done [10]. Regarding the implant surface roughness, the osteoblast activity can be seen increased with micro-rough from 1 to 100 μm when it is compared to untreated or smooth surfaces [11].
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