The Prevention of Implant Surface Alterations in the Treatment of Peri-Implantitis: Comparison of Three Different Mechanical and Physical Treatments.

Marco Lollobrigida,Agnese Molinari,Lorenzo Fortunato,Alberto De Biase,Iole Vozza,Giorgio Serafini,Giulia Mazzucchi,Francesca Menchini,Emanuele Serra,Giuseppina Bozzuto

doi:10.3390/ijerph17082624

Abstract

The surgical treatment of peri-implantitis is currently based on the removal of biofilms from the implant surface by primary means of mechanical and physical treatments. However, such approaches often determine some alterations of the implant surface with detrimental effects on re-osseointegration. This study aims to evaluate the effects of four different mechanical and physical treatments on titanium samples with moderately rough surface. Air powder abrasion (AP) with glycine powder, a titanium brush (TB) and a diode laser at 3 W (L3) and 4 W (L4) were tested. Surface morphology, roughness and chemical composition were then assessed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), white light interferometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The microscopic analysis revealed significant alterations in surface morphology on TB samples, while AP and L3 had only a minor or null impact. L4 samples revealed signs of overheating due to the excessive power. Nevertheless, the overall roughness of the samples was not significantly altered in terms of roughness parameters. Similarly, surface chemical composition was not significantly affected by the treatments. Among the treatments tested in this study, air powder abrasion with glycine powder and 3 W diode laser had the lowest impact on surface physicochemical properties.

Highlights

Peri-implantitis is a pathological condition that affects tissues around dental implants, characterized by inflammation in the peri-implant mucosa and progressive bone loss [1]
Among the treatments tested in this study, air powder abrasion with glycine powder and 3 W diode laser had the lowest impact on surface physicochemical properties
Fourfour different mechanical and and physical decontamination treatments were tested on different mechanical physical decontamination treatments were tested titanium samples with surface to assess the effects on surface morphology, topography and on titanium samples with SLA surface to assess the effects on surface morphology, topography and chemical composition

Summary

Introduction

Peri-implantitis is a pathological condition that affects tissues around dental implants, characterized by inflammation in the peri-implant mucosa and progressive bone loss [1]. Peri-implantitis has become a relatively common disease in dentistry, with an estimated subject-based prevalence between 18.8%. The increased prevalence may be attributable to the greater number of subjects treated with implants than in the past but may depend on major diagnostic accuracy and attention to monitoring the peri-implant tissues. Most literature studies identify bacterial biofilms as the primary etiological factor for the initiation and progression of peri-implantitis [6,7]. Other factors may initiate an aseptic bone resorption, followed in a later stage by bacterial colonization [8]. Once peri-implantitis has been established, the cardinal aim of therapy consists in the disruption of the

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