Influence of mineral fertilizers and technological factors on the growth and productivity of winter triticale varieties

Abstract

Purpose. To study the influence of varieties and technological methods on the winter triticale productivity formation grown in the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods. General scientific methods were used: hypothesis, experiment, `observation and data analysis, as well as field research, laboratory analysis, mathematical and statistical ones. Results. Overwintering of plants of winter triticale varieties ranged from 76.3 to 84.4% with a 2.9-8.1% difference between varieties. The Bozhich variety showed the highest overwintering rate (82.0-87.8%), while the Desyatynne variety showed the lowest one (72.5-78.9%). The vegetation period increased under the conditions of mineral fertilizers application: from 288 to 294 days when applying N45P45K45 + N60 at the II-IV stages of organogenesis and up to 299 days under application of the N45P45K45 + N90 (N30 III) + N30 (IV) + N30 (VII) fertilization system. Fertilization had a positive effect on the habit of the plants in the earing phase: the Desyatinne variety showed the greatest increase in height (from 19.4 to 32.4 cm) and was prone to lodging. The lowest level of yield (1.69-4.14 t/ha) was obtained on control options without fertilizer. The Bohodarske and Bozhich varieties demonstrated significantly higher levels of average productivity – 5.03-5.59 t/ha of grain with a slight predominance of the Bozhich variety. Desyatynne and Bohodarske varieties under the highest rate of seed sowing (6 million/ha) and, accordingly, the highest plant stand density formed the highest biological yield of grain. The Bozhich variety, thanks to its compensatory properties, increased indicators of individual plant productivity and better bushiness, ensured the highest biological yield of grain at the lowest seeding rate (3.5 million/ha). Conclusions. The correct selection of sowing rates and fertilization systems helps to increase the grain yield of various varieties of winter triticale. Bozhich and Bohodarske varieties showed the best yield results. The importance of agrotechnical methods optimization for each variety of winter triticale aimed at achieving the highest productivity level and thus the efficient cultivation has been confirmed.