Induksi Kalus serta Regenerasi Tunas dan Akar Cabai melalui Kultur In Vitro

Abstract

<p>Callus Induction and Regeneration of Shoot and Root of<br />Chill through In Vitro Culture. Ifa Manzila, Sri H.<br />Hidayat, Ika Mariska, and Sriani Sujiprihati. In vitro<br />culture is one way for a fast and effective plant propagation.<br />This method is also useful for preliminary selection of plant<br />resistance to disease, including the chili. In vitro propagation<br />method for chili has not been widely reported. A study was<br />conducted to obtain effective techniques for callus induction<br />and regeneration into shoots on three red chili cultivars (cv)<br />Gelora, Sudra, and Chili 109. The study consisted of four<br />activities, namely the induction of callus formation,<br />induction of embryogenic callus, callus regeneration into<br />adventitious shoots, and root induction from the adventitious<br />shoots. Murashige Skoog (MS) medium + 0.6% agar + 3%<br />sucrose were used as basal medium, 20 ml/bottle. Young<br />leaves, hypocotyls and root tips of 21-day-old chili seedlings<br />were used as sources of explants. Each experiment was<br />arranged in a completely randomized design with 10<br />replications, one culture bottle for each treatment. The<br />callus induction experiments using the explants of young<br />leaf explants, hypocotyl, and root tips were done separately.<br />Each treatment consisted of explants from the three chili<br />cultivars on MS medium containing three composition of<br />growth regulators (PGR) BAP + NAA, 10 explants/bottle. The<br />embryogenic callus induction was conducted by growing<br />the callus in bottles containing a medium that contains three<br />compositions PGR 2,4-D + thidiazuron 0.5 mg/l. Induction of<br />shoot formation was done by growing the embryogenic<br />callus on medium containing three composition of plant<br />growth regulator BAP + NAA. Induction of root formation<br />was performed by growing adventitious shoots on ½ MS and<br />1 MS medium + NAA 0.5 to 1.0 mg/l. The results showed that<br />young leaves are the best explant source for callus and<br />shoot formations in chili through tissue culture compared<br />with the hypocotyl and the tip. Gelora is the most responsive<br />chili cultivar to callus, shoots, and roots formation of in their<br />respective medium, compared to Sudra and Chile 109. MS<br />medium containing BAP 3-7 mg/ml and NAA 1 mg/ml can be<br />used to induce the growth of callus from young leaf<br />explants, hypocotyl and seedling root tip chili cv Gelora,<br />Sudra, and Chile 109, but its growth was very slow and did<br />not produce embryogenic callus. Embryogenic callus<br />formation can be induced by both non-embryogenic callus<br />Hak Cipta © 2010, BB-Biogen<br />growing the callus on MS medium containing 2,4-D 3 mg/l +<br />thidiazuron 0.5 mg/ l. Formation of callus that can regenerate<br />into shoots should use an MS medium containing 2,4-D 3<br />mg/l + thidiazuron 0.5 mg/ l followed by subculture on MS<br />medium + BAP 3 mg/l + thidiazuron 0.5 mg/l to induce<br />shoot elongation. Medium ½ MS and 1 MS containing NAA<br />0.5-1.0 mg/l can be used to induce root formations on shoot<br />culture of chili cv Gelora but not for cv Chili 109.</p>