Abstract
The use of non-resorbable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes is indicated for the treatment of large, non-self-containing bone defects, or multi-walled defects in the case of vertical augmentations. However, less is known about the molecular basis of the foreign body response to PTFE membranes. In the present study, the inflammatory tissue responses to a novel high-density PTFE (dPTFE) barrier membrane have preclinically been evaluated using the subcutaneous implantation model in BALB/c mice by means of histopathological and histomorphometrical analysis methods and immunohistochemical detection of M1- and M2-macrophages. A collagen membrane was used as the control material. The results of the present study demonstrate that the tissue response to the dPTFE membrane involves inflammatory macrophages, but comparable cell numbers were also detected in the implant beds of the control collagen membrane, which is known to be biocompatible. Although these data indicate that the analyzed dPTFE membrane is not fully bioinert, but its biocompatibility is comparable to collagen-based membranes. Based on its optimal biocompatibility, the novel dPTFE barrier membrane may optimally support bone healing within the context of guided bone regeneration (GBR).
Highlights
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is widely used in the fields of periodontology, implant dentistry, and maxillofacial surgery
Different barrier membranes are available for guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures, which can mainly be divided into resorbable und non-resorbable materials
Resorbable membranes are preferred due to the avoidance of a second surgery, clinical situations such as bone defects outside the ridge contour, multi-walled bone defects, or vertical augmentations require maintenance of the spatial barrier, which can be achieved by the application of non-resorbable materials such as PTFE membranes [11]
Summary
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is widely used in the fields of periodontology, implant dentistry, and maxillofacial surgery. Collagen-based barrier membranes have most often been shown to be very biocompatible biomaterials, and they allow for a comparable degree of bone regeneration, like non-resorbable membranes [6,7]. Polylactic acid (PLA)- or polylactic-co-glycolic-acid (PLGA)-based membranes provide good spatial stability of the graft material [9] These biomaterials are degraded by non-enzymatic hydrolysis and cellular metabolization under the release of acidic molecules, which negatively influences their biocompatibility and the healing process [10]. IInn ccaassee ooff tthhee ccoollllaaggeenn mmeemmbbrraannee ((ccoonnttrrooll)),, aa ccoommppaarraabbllee ttiissssuuee rreeaaccttiioonn hhaass bbeeeenn oobbsseerrvveedd ((FFiigguurree 11BB)). HHiissttooppaatthhoollooggiiccaall aannaallyysseess sshhoowweedd tthhaatt tthhee rreeaaccttiivvee ttiissssuuee wwaass ssttiillll ccoommppoosseedd ooff tthhee ssaammee cceellll ttyyppeess,, ii..ee..,, mmaaccrroopphhaaggeess,, ggrraannuullooccyytteess,, aanndd ffiibbrroobbllaassttss ((FFiigguurree 11CC)). HHiissttoommoorrpphhoommeettrriiccaall ((QQuuaannttiittaattiivvee)) AAnnaallyyssiiss TThhee hhisitsotommoorprphhoommetertirciaclaal naanlyaslyissiosf tohfe tohcecuorrcecnucrereonfcperoo-fanpdroa-natin-idnflaanmtim-inafltoarmy mcealltsosrhyowceellds tshhaotwcoemd ptahraatblceonmupmabraebrsleofnCuDm1b6e3r-ps oosiftiCveDM1623m-paocsriotipvheagMes2wmeraecrdoeptehcatgedesinwtheereimdpeltaencttaetdioninbetdhes oimf pthlaendtaPtTioFnEbmedesmobf rtahneed(P1T2F9E5.0m±em5b29ra.8nece(1ll2s9/m5.0m±2) 5a2n9d.8tcheellsc/omllamge2n) amndemthberaconlela(g1e1n74m.0em± b4r7a6n.9e c(1e1ll7s4/m.0m±2)47a6t.9daceyll1s/0mafmte2r) aimt dpalayn1t0ataioftner(iFmigpularent3at)i.oFnu(rFtihgeurrme o3r).e,Fucortmhepramraobrlee, cnoummpbaerrasbloefnCumD2b0e6rspoof sCitDiv2e06M-p1osimtivaecrMop1hmagaecsropwheargeesfowuenrde fionuntdheinimthpeliamnptalatinotnatiboendbsedosf obfobtohthbbioiommaateteriraialsls ((ddPPTTFFEE mmeemmbbrraannee::22333399..00±±60680.86.6ceclelsll/sm/mm2m; c2o; lclaoglleangemnemmebmrabnrea:n2e1:5291.059±.047±8.487c8e.l8lsc/emllms/2)mamt t2h)iaststthuidsysttuimdey ptiominetp(oFiingtu(rFeig3u).reIn3).thIne tihmepilmanptlaatniotantiboendbsedofs obfobthotmh amteartiearlisa,lss,igsinginfiicfiacnatnlytlyhihgihgehrernnuummbbeersrsooff MM11 n
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