Abstract
BackgroundDifferent types of bioabsorbable and nonresorbable membranes have been widely used for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with its ultimate goal of regenerating lost periodontal structures. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the biological effects of various bioabsorbable and nonresorbable membranes in cultures of primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) and human osteoblast-like (HOB) cells in vitro.MethodsThree commercially available collagen membranes [TutoDent® (TD), Resodont® (RD) and BioGide® (BG)] as well as three nonresorbable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes [ACE (AC), Cytoplast® (CT) and TefGen-FD® (TG)] were tested. Cells plated on culture dishes (CD) served as positive controls. The effect of the barrier membranes on HGF, PDLF as well as HOB cells was assessed by the Alamar Blue fluorometric proliferation assay after 1, 2.5, 4, 24 and 48 h time periods. The structural and morphological properties of the membranes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsThe results showed that of the six barriers tested, TD and RD demonstrated the highest rate of HGF proliferation at both earlier (1 h) and later (48 h) time periods (P < 0.001) compared to all other tested barriers and CD. Similarly, TD, RD and BG had significantly higher numbers of cells at all time periods when compared with the positive control in PDLF culture (P ≤ 0.001). In HOB cell culture, the highest rate of cell proliferation was also calculated for TD at all time periods (P < 0.001). SEM observations demonstrated a microporous structure of all collagen membranes, with a compact top surface and a porous bottom surface, whereas the nonresorbable PTFE membranes demonstrated a homogenous structure with a symmetric dense skin layer.ConclusionResults from the present study suggested that GTR membrane materials, per se, may influence cell proliferation in the process of periodontal tissue/bone regeneration. Among the six membranes examined, the bioabsorbable membranes demonstrated to be more suitable to stimulate cellular proliferation compared to nonresorbable PTFE membranes.
Highlights
Different types of bioabsorbable and nonresorbable membranes have been widely used for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with its ultimate goal of regenerating lost periodontal structures
A recent in vitro study has pointed out that native as well as cross-linked membranes derived from bovine or porcine type I and III collagens limited attachment and proliferation of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and human SaOs-2 osteoblasts as compared to cells plated on culture dishes [13]
PDL fibroblasts were obtained from the PDL remaining attached to extracted molars, whereas gingival fibroblasts were obtained from loose gingival tissue that was free of epithelium and associated alveolar bone
Summary
Different types of bioabsorbable and nonresorbable membranes have been widely used for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with its ultimate goal of regenerating lost periodontal structures. Several clinical studies have demonstrated significant reductions in periodontal probing depth and gains in clinical attachment level following GTR therapy using bioabsorbable and nonresorbable barrier membranes [5,6,7]. Barrier materials derived from type I and III porcine or bovine collagen demonstrated their usefulness in GTR procedures [10,11,12]. A recent in vitro study has pointed out that native as well as cross-linked membranes derived from bovine or porcine type I and III collagens limited attachment and proliferation of human PDL cells and human SaOs-2 osteoblasts as compared to cells plated on culture dishes [13]. In vitro assays with human PDL cells, gingival fibroblasts and human osteoblast-like cells suggest a proper model for studying the interactions of these cells with biomaterials
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